On Thursday the head of Russia’s space agency “warned that new sanctions imposed on his country could have dire consequences for the International Space Station program,” reports Space.com (in an article shared by Slashdot reader Hmmmmmm):

“Do you want to destroy our cooperation on the ISS?” read one of the tweets from Roscosmos Director-General Dimitry Rogozin, which was translated by Rob Mitchell for Ars Technica senior space editor Eric Berger, who shared Mitchell’s translation on Twitter. Russia and the United States are the major partners in the ISS program, which also includes Canada, Japan and multiple European nations…

NASA, however, told Space.com later Thursday that civil cooperation between the U.S. and Russia in space will continue, particularly with regard to the ISS.

But Rogozin struck a much different tone, suggesting that the new sanctions could potentially result in the ISS crashing to Earth in an uncontrolled fashion. (The Russian segment of the ISS is responsible for guidance, navigation and control for the entire complex, according to the European Space Agency. And Russian Progress cargo craft provide periodic orbit-raising boosts for the ISS, to ensure that it doesn’t sink too low into Earth’s atmosphere….) Rogozin also stressed that the ISS would deorbit naturally without periodic reboosts courtesy of Progress freighters….

Just days ago, however, a Cygnus spacecraft built by aerospace company Northrop Grumman arrived at the ISS with a mandate to perform the program’s first operational reboost, which may eventually transfer this capability to U.S. vehicles as well.

Business Insider reports that Thursday’s tweets from the head of Russia’s space agency also included a dire hypothetical. “If you block cooperation with us, who will save the ISS from an uncontrolled deorbit and fall into the United States or Europe?”

On Saturday Elon Musk “responded by posting the logo of his company, SpaceX.”
Musk appeared to confirm that SpaceX would get involved, should the ISS fall out of orbit. A Twitter user asked if that’s what the tech mogul really meant, to which Musk simply replied: “Yes.”

NASA, meanwhile, said it “continues working with Roscosmos and our other international partners in Canada, Europe, and Japan to maintain safe and continuous ISS operations,” in a statement to Euronews.

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Source: Slashdot – NASA Assures ISS Will Continue Orbiting Despite Sanctions on Russia

Harvard’s School of Public Health has an announcement…

“Multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive disease that affects 2.8 million people worldwide and for which there is no definitive cure, is likely caused by infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), according to a study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers.”

Epstein-Barr virus has already been linked to some forms of cancer. But now, as the New York Times put it, “New research proves a virus — one that almost all of us have — ’causes’ multiple sclerosis.” (More than 90% of adults have the Epstein-Barr virus, and “The very ubiquity of Epstein-Barr has made it especially difficult to isolate as a causal factor…”)

Researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and elsewhere, however, devised a novel way to carry out that study, and they published their findings in January in Science. U.S. military recruits, a group of more than 10 million people, are screened for H.I.V. when their service starts and biennially thereafter. Their blood serum samples are then archived in the Department of Defense Serum Repository and can be retested for other pathogens. Between 1993 and 2013, the researchers identified cases of M.S. among active-duty U.S. military personnel. Then they tested their first serum sample; their last sample before M.S. onset; and one in between. They found that of 801 soldiers with M.S., 800 were positive for Epstein-Barr….

“In practical terms, if you’re not infected with E.B.V., your risk of M.S. is virtually zero,” says Alberto Ascherio, a professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard and a senior author of the Science study. “After infection, your risk jumps by over 30-fold.” The odds of that increase having occurred by chance are less than one in a million….

That was the strongest evidence yet that Epstein-Barr initiates M.S., but it didn’t explain why. Just over a week after the Science paper came out, though, Robinson and colleagues published their own paper in Nature that demonstrated how the virus triggers the disease in some people. Epstein-Barr produces proteins that mimic a protein in the myelin sheath, they found; when the immune system makes antibodies to attack the virus, they also attack the myelin — “the insulation around your neurons,” as Robinson puts it. “Like electrical wires, if the insulation gets stripped off, it short-âcircuits,” he says. “That’s what results in M.S.”

This protein mix-up, though, can only explain about a quarter of M.S. cases. And while the Science paper concludes that Epstein-Barr is the “leading cause” of M.S., Cohen says he wants to be careful with the word “cause.” He thinks the study proves that the virus is a necessary precondition for M.S., but the fact that so many people have Epstein-Barr and so few of them get M.S. demonstrates that other factors, very likely including genetic susceptibility, must play a significant role in the development of the disease….

What is exciting about the discovery that Epstein-Barr is necessary for M.S. is that it raises the prospect that a vaccine could prevent that disease — as well as other serious conditions — even if we never understand precisely why the virus behaves as it does in a given individual.

Thanks to long-time Slashdot reader Thelasko for sharing the news!

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Source: Slashdot – Epstein-Barr Virus May Be Leading Cause of Multiple Sclerosis

Long-time Slashdot reader IHTFISP brings this report from SciTechDaily:

Researchers from the University of Turku, Finland, found that the axis of rotation of a black hole in a binary system is tilted more than 40 degrees relative to the axis of stellar orbit. The finding challenges current theoretical models of black hole formation. The observation by the researchers from Tuorla Observatory in Finland is the first reliable measurement that shows a large difference between the axis of rotation of a black hole and the axis of a binary system orbit. The difference between the axes measured by the researchers in a binary star system called MAXI J1820+070 was more than 40 degrees….

[T]he researchers were able to determine the direction of the axis of rotation of the black hole very accurately. As the amount of gas falling from the companion star to the black hole later began to decrease, the system dimmed, and much of the light in the system came from the companion star. In this way, the researchers were able to measure the orbit inclination using spectroscopic techniques, and it happened to nearly coincide with the inclination of the ejections….

The results published in Science magazine open interesting prospects towards studies of black hole formation and evolution of such systems, as such extreme misalignment is hard to get in many black hole formation and binary evolution scenarios. “The difference of more than 40 degrees between the orbital axis and the black hole spin was completely unexpected. Scientists have often assumed this difference to be very small when they have modeled the behavior of matter in a curved time space around a black hole. The current models are already really complex, and now the new findings force us to add a new dimension to them,” Poutanen states.

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Source: Slashdot – Death Spiral: a Black Hole Spins On Its Side – ‘Completely Unexpected’

Countries imposing sanctions on Russia also depend on it for oil and natural gas, notes Slate’s web editor.

“Noah J. Gordon, an adviser at the Berlin-based, climate-focused think tank Adelphi, thinks there’s an opening here for Europe to take a different route — to pursue more energy self-sufficiency not by building out gas reserves, but by expanding its renewable energy sources at a faster pace.”
Noah Gordon: [O]nly about 15 percent of Germany’s huge gas consumption — almost all imports — is used in power production, and only 15 percent of German power is generated from gas. Most of that gas from Russia or elsewhere is used for heating buildings and in industry…. I think this crisis has really changed the terms of debate. There’s a lot of talk today on massive European mobilization to build heat pumps so that Germany and the rest of Europe could heat their buildings with electricity instead of gas, and to renovate buildings for energy efficiency. This is a thing called the EU Renovation Wave, which is a buzzword that can now really get going….

[T]he answer is to reduce fossil fuel use as much as we can. There might not be a wartime mobilization to build weapons for this conflict, but there could be to build heat pumps and to renovate buildings. That’s really the way out of this, and to get the clean energy to back it up…. Building a heat pump today isn’t going to cut emissions on its own, and you need clean electricity to power the heat pumps, or you haven’t made that much progress. But at least with heat pumps and efficiency, you’re not locking in future fossil fuel use….

[Y]ou could get a paradigm shift after this, like we did after 1973 and the Arab oil embargo with a greater focus on alternative energy, such as nuclear, and an energy efficiency drive back then in the EU and Japan and even the U.S. in terms of car fuel economy standards.

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Source: Slashdot – Could the Ukraine Crisis Push Europe Toward Energy Self-Sufficiency With Renewable Energy?