Electrifying West Africa with a renewable grid

Image of a dam and generating building.

Enlarge / A new hydroelectric power station in the Ivory Coast. (credit: Xinhua News Agency)

There’s been a lot of discussion about how areas that are seeing explosive renewable growth can manage the large amount of intermittent electricity sources. But these mostly focus on regions with mature electric grids and a relatively static growth in demand. What would happen if you tried to grow renewables at the same time you’re trying to grow a grid?

A EU-US team of researchers decided to find out what a good renewable policy might look like in West Africa, an area similar in size to the 48 contiguous US states but comprised of 16 different countries. Some of these nations already get a sizable chunk of their power from renewables in the form of hydropower, but they are expected to see demand roughly double in the next decade. Although renewables like solar and wind are likely to play a role purely based on their price, the researchers’ analysis suggests that a smart, international grid can balance hydro, wind, and solar to produce a far greener grid.

Hydro as a giant battery

The new work has a mix of focuses. It’s run against the backdrop of the expectation that West Africa’s demand for electricity will explode over the next decade. Right now, the region has nearly 400 million inhabitants who consume a bit over 100 terawatt-hours a year (compared to the United States’ 4,000TW-hr). By 2030, that demand is expected to be more than 200TW-hr—a fourfold increase from where demand was in 2015.

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Source: Ars Technica – Electrifying West Africa with a renewable grid

Can we save the night sky from satellite streaks?

The solar eclipse and ISS transit back in August of 2017.

Enlarge / The solar eclipse and ISS transit back in August of 2017. (credit: Trevor Mahlmann)

As much of the world has slowed down amid COVID-19, the same cannot be said for the burgeoning small satellite broadband industry. In recent weeks, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk announced he hopes to move the company’s Starlink broadband service to public beta in about six months. And that very same day, the Federal Communications Commission unanimously approved new rules for preventing orbital debris and collisions in space (those rules have been revised so as to not hamper NASA, but they still require more analysis, tracking, and disclosure from satellite companies). It’s a small snapshot of what’s been an ongoing debate: astronomy advocates say we are running out of time to preserve pristine views in the night sky, companies sending satellite constellations into space say they are mitigating the threat their satellites could pose to skywatchers.

The fleets of low-cost satellites will certainly be beneficial for telecommunications and Earth observation customers, particularly those living in remote areas. Crowds of satellites decrease the “revisit time” between satellite passes and make it easier to stay in touch, or to get frequent images during natural disasters.

Yet astronomers warn that without care, the satellites could ruin science observations and also make it difficult for groups like Native Americans who see the sky as part of their culture. Space organizations in Europe and the United States are already sounding alarm bells in reports and press releases. The European Southern Observatory (which operates the Very Large Telescope in Chile, among others) recently warned their observatories would be “moderately affected” if constellations launch at current rates. The National Science Foundation’s Vera C. Rubin Observatory in northern Chile said nearly every image obtained during twilight “would be affected by at least one satellite trail.”

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Source: Ars Technica – Can we save the night sky from satellite streaks?

Walmart employees are out to show its anti-shoplifting AI doesn’t work

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Source: Ars Technica – Walmart employees are out to show its anti-shoplifting AI doesn’t work

Should Maintainers of Open Source Projects Be Paid?

Matt Asay, a former COO of Canonical now working at AWS, writes “Over the last few weeks I’ve interviewed a range of open source project maintainers, most of which don’t directly get paid for supporting their projects… Is this a bad thing?”

It’s not completely clear. Linux Foundation executive Chris Aniszczyk has been an outspoken opponent of open source “tip jars” that seek to sustain projects with donations. “These [open source developers] should be encouraged to start businesses or your business should hire them directly,” he argues. But many such developers don’t want a 9-to-5 corporate job, preferring the independence of contract work. Open source sustainability, in other words, is messy. Most open source project maintainers with whom I’ve spoken got started because it was a “fun” way to spend their free time. They had a variety of personal “itches” they needed to scratch. Exactly none started coding because they were hoping to get paid for that work.

In fact, in some cases, it was specifically to create space from their employer that they started the project. For Datasette founder Simon Willison, for example, he “wanted a creative outlet.” That is, a project that he got to have complete control over. In some ways, he said, it was perhaps “a way of blowing off steam,” but really it was a place where he could express his creativity without a corporate overlord steering that creativity. See the problem…?

Aniszczyk reasonably suggests that the most sustainable source of funding is a paycheck, but that’s precisely what many of these developers don’t want. Or, at least, they don’t want a paycheck that comes with restrictions on their ability to code freely… [O]pen source sustainability will never have one, meta answer for all of open source. It’s always a project-by-project analysis and, really, a founder-by-founder (or community-by-community) decision.

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Source: Slashdot – Should Maintainers of Open Source Projects Be Paid?

Amazon sellers use 'collectible' label to dodge price gouging rules

Amazon’s measures to prevent price gouging have a relatively simple workaround. The Verge has learned that some third-party sellers are marking products as “collectible” to evade Amazon’s automated price controls. The internet retailer reportedly has…

Source: Engadget – Amazon sellers use ‘collectible’ label to dodge price gouging rules

Microsoft Replaces Dozens of Staff With AI for News Stories on MSN

“Workforce automation is about to cost dozens of news contractors their jobs,” writes Engadget:

The Seattle Times and The Guardian report that Microsoft is letting go of dozens of news contractors (about 50 in the US, 27 in the UK) after June 30th due to a shift to AI news production on MSN. The workers were responsible for choosing, editing and curating stories.

The work included identifying trending news stories, planning content, and rewriting headlines, according to the Seattle Times. “It’s been semi-automated for a few months but now it’s full speed ahead,” one of the terminated contractors tells them.

“It’s demoralizing to think machines can replace us but there you go.”

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Source: Slashdot – Microsoft Replaces Dozens of Staff With AI for News Stories on MSN

What Would The Internet Look Like If America Repeals Section 230?

“REVOKE 230!” President Trump tweeted Friday, and NPR reports that the movement to revoke its safeguards “is increasingly becoming a bipartisan consensus… But experts caution that eliminating the legal protections may have unintended consequences for Internet users that extend far beyond Facebook and Twitter.”

“We don’t think about things like Wikipedia, the Internet Archive and all these other public goods that exist and have a public-interest component that would not exist in a world without 230,” said Aaron Mackey, staff attorney at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a digital civil liberties nonprofit.
Without Section 230, experts argue, sites would have less tolerance for people posting their opinions on YouTube, Reddit, Yelp, Amazon and many other corners of the Internet…

The tech industry, unsurprisingly, is fighting hard to preserve Section 230, said Jeff Kosseff, the author of a book about Section 230, The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet. “The major platforms came into existence because of 230,” Kosseff said. “Without 230, their operations would have to be substantially changed.” In particular, Facebook, Twitter and Google would likely become aggressive about removing content and may side more often with complaining users, Kosseff said. Mackey with the Electronic Frontier Foundation agrees.”It could create a prescreening of every piece of material every person posts and lead to an exceptional amount of moderation and prevention,” Mackey said. “What every platform would be concerned about is: ‘Do I risk anything to have this content posted to my site?'”

Another possible ripple effect of repealing, Kosseff said, is making it more difficult for whatever company is hoping to emerge as the next big social media company. “It will be harder for them because they will face more liability at the outset,” Kosseff said. Eric Goldman, a professor at Santa Clara University Law School and co-director of the High Tech Law Institute, said rescinding Section 230 could reduce the number of online platforms that welcome open dialogue.

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Source: Slashdot – What Would The Internet Look Like If America Repeals Section 230?

European Union Leaders Urge U.S. to Reconsider Its Decision to Withdraw From the WHO

European Union leaders on Saturday urged the U.S. to reconsider withdrawing from the World Health Organization (WHO) and stated that “global cooperation and solidarity through multilateral efforts” are the only effective and viable ways to win the battle against coronavirus.

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Source: Gizmodo – European Union Leaders Urge U.S. to Reconsider Its Decision to Withdraw From the WHO