“Betelgeuse may have competition for the most exciting star about to go nova near Earth,” writes Space.com.

“Astronomers have discovered the secret of a strange star system that has baffled them for years, finding it contains a dead star about to erupt after overfeeding on a stellar companion.”

The supernova explosion of this cosmic cannibal could be as bright as the moon, making it visible with the naked eye over Earth even in broad daylight. The system in question is the double star V Sagittae located around 10,000 light-years from Earth, containing a white dwarf stellar remnant and its victim companion star, which orbit each other roughly twice every Earth day. The new research and the revelation of this white dwarf’s imminent catastrophic fate answer questions about V Sagittae that have lingered for 123 years…

White dwarfs represent the final stage of stars with masses around that of the sun, occurring when they run out of fuel for nuclear fusion… [W]hite dwarfs that have a stellar companion can get a second lease on life and a more conclusive and explosive end… [T]he stolen stellar material piles up on the surface of the white dwarf until it pushes this stellar remnant past the so-called Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses. This is the mass limit that a stellar remnant has to exceed to trigger a supernova…

However, this team found something very different and extraordinary happening with the stellar material being stolen by the white dwarf in V Sagittae… This investigation revealed that there is a giant halo of gas comprised of material stolen from the companion star wrapped around both the cannibal white dwarf and its stellar victim… “The white dwarf cannot consume all the mass being transferred from its hot star twin, so it creates this bright cosmic ring,” team member Pasi Hakala from the University of Turku said. “The speed at which this doomed stellar system is lurching wildly, likely due to the extreme brightness, is a frantic sign of its imminent, violent end.”
“The matter accumulating on the white dwarf is likely to produce a nova outburst in the coming years, during which V Sagittae would become visible with the naked eye,” Pablo Rodríguez-Gil from Spain’s Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias said. “But when the two stars finally smash into each other and explode, this would be a supernova explosion so bright it’ll be visible from Earth even in the daytime.”
The research was conducted with the Very Large Telescope (four individual telescopes high in the mountains of Chile) — and published last week in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

A few months after the release of Grok 4 and an extremely problematic antisemitic meltdown of its chatbot, xAI is already trying to move on with its latest AI model. Elon Musk’s xAI announced the release of Grok 4 Fast, a faster, more efficient reasoning model compared to its recent predecessor. According to xAI, Grok 4 Fast offers similar performance to Grok 4 while using 40 percent fewer thinking tokens on average.

Along with faster results, xAI said Grok 4 Fast “results in a 98% reduction in price to achieve the same performance on frontier benchmarks as Grok 4,” whether it’s handling tasks that involve writing code or just browsing the web for quick responses. Similar to OpenAI’s GPT-5 that alternates between a smart, efficient model and a deeper reasoning model, xAI’s latest update includes a unified architecture that can transition between handling complex requests with its “reasoning” model and quick responses through its “non-reasoning model.”

In tests on LMArena, a platform that pits AI models against each other and provides side-by-side comparisons, Grok 4 Fast ranks first in search-related tasks and eighth in text-related tasks. xAI made Grok 4 Fast available for all users, including the free ones, on web, iOS and Android. However, with how competitive the LLM race is getting, it’s only a matter of time before Google releases the next-gen version of Gemini or Anthropic updates the Claude Opus model beyond the recently released 4.1 version.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/ai/xai-debuts-a-faster-and-more-cost-effective-version-of-grok-4-192815570.html?src=rss

Libraries nationwide are fielding patron requests for books that don’t exist after AI-generated summer reading lists appeared in the Chicago Sun-Times and Philadelphia Inquirer earlier this year. Reference librarian Eddie Kristan told 404 Media the problem began in late 2022 following GPT-3.5’s release but escalated dramatically after the newspapers published lists created by a freelancer using AI without verification.

A Library Freedom Project survey found patrons increasingly trust AI chatbots over human librarians and become defensive when told their AI-recommended titles are fictional. Kristan now routinely checks WorldCat’s global catalog to verify titles exist. Collection development librarians are requesting digital vendors remove AI-generated books from platforms while academic libraries struggle against vendors implementing flawed LLM-based search tools and AI-generated summaries that undermine information literacy instruction.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

The high seas, the vast waters beyond any one country’s jurisdiction, cover nearly half the planet. On Friday, a hard-fought global treaty to protect the “cornucopia of biodiversity” living there cleared a final hurdle and will become international law. From a report: The High Seas Treaty, as it is known, was ratified by a 60th nation, Morocco, crossing the threshold for United Nations treaties to go into effect. Two decades in the making, it allows for the establishment of enormous conservation zones in international waters. Environmentalists hailed it as a historic moment. The treaty “is a conservation opportunity that happens once in a generation, if that,” said Lisa Speer, who directs the International Oceans Program at the Natural Resources Defense Council.

It is also a bright spot amid a general dimming of optimism about international diplomacy and cooperation among nations toward common goals. It will come into force just as the high seas are poised to become the site of controversial industrial activities including deep sea mining. The treaty provides a comprehensive set of regulations for high seas conservation that would supersede the existing patchwork of rules developed by United Nations agencies and industrial organizations in sectors like oil, fishing and shipping. Currently, less than 10 percent of the world’s oceans are protected under law, and conservation advocates say little of that protection is effective. The treaty states a goal of giving 30 percent of the high seas some kind of protected status by 2030.

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The Leon Thevenin, Africa’s only permanently stationed cable repair ship, maintains over 60,000 kilometers of undersea internet infrastructure from Madagascar to Ghana. The 43-year-old vessel employs a 60-person crew who perform precision repairs on fiber-optic cables that carry data for Alphabet, Meta, and Amazon — companies that consumed 3.6 billion megabits per second of bandwidth in 2023.

Operating costs range from $70,000 to $120,000 daily, according to owner Orange Marine. The ship has experienced increased demand due to unusual underwater landslides in the Congo Canyon causing frequent cable breaks. Cable jointer Shuru Arendse and his team spend up to 48 hours on repairs that require fusing hair-thin glass fibers in conditions where a speck of dust can ruin the joint. The vessel gained Starlink connectivity last year after decades of relying on satellite phones and shared computers for crew communication. Sixty-two cable repair ships operate globally to maintain the infrastructure supporting streaming media and AI applications.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Fast Company ran a contrarian take about AI from entrepreneur/thought leader Faisal Hoque, who argues there’s three AI bubbles.

The first is a classic speculative bubble, with asset prices soaring above their fundamental values (like the 17th century’s Dutch “tulip mania”). “The chances of this not being a bubble are between slim and none…”

Second, AI is also arguably in what we might call an infrastructure bubble, with huge amounts being invested in infrastructure without any certainty that it will be used at full capacity in the future. This happened multiple times in the later 1800s, as railroad investors built thousands of miles of unneeded track to serve future demand that never materialized. More recently, it happened in the late ’90s with the rollout of huge amount of fiber optic cable in anticipation of internet traffic demand that didn’t turn up until decades later. Companies are pouring billions into GPUs, power systems, and cooling infrastructure, betting that demand will eventually justify the capacity. McKinsey analysts talk of a $7 trillion “race to scale data centers” for AI, and just eight projects in 2025 already represent commitments of over $1 trillion in AI infrastructure investment. Will this be like the railroad booms and busts of the late 1800s? It is impossible to say with any kind of certainty, but it is not unreasonable to think so.
Third, AI is certainly in a hype bubble, which is where the promise claimed for a new technology exceeds reality, and the discussion around that technology becomes increasingly detached from likely future outcomes. Remember the hype around NFTs? That was a classic hype bubble. And AI has been in a similar moment for a while. All kinds of media — social, print, and web — are filled with AI-related content, while AI boosterism has been the mood music of the corporate world for the last few years. Meanwhile, a recent MIT study reported that 95% of AI pilot projects fail to generate any returns at all.

But the article ultimately argues there’s lessons in the 1990s dotcom boom: that “a thing can be hyped beyond its actual capabilities while still being important… When valuations correct — and they will — the same pattern will emerge: companies that focus on solving real problems with available technology will extract value before, during, and after the crash.” The winners will be companies with systematic approaches to extracting value — adopting mixed portfolios with different time horizons and risk levels, while recognizing organizational friction points for a purposeful (and holistic) integration.

“The louder the bubble talk, the more space opens for those willing to take a methodical approach to building value.”

Thanks to Slashdot reader Tony Isaac for sharing the article.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

According to a report by The Washington Post, scientists with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Water were told by “political appointees” to stop work on studies that were headed for publication, as they’ll now be “subject to a new review process.” Staffers were reportedly given the instructions in a town hall meeting this week. The only papers exempt are those for which “scientific journals had already returned proofs — the final step in the academic publication process,” reports The Washington Post, which spoke to two agency employees. Among other things, the role of the Office of Water is to ensure the safety of drinking water. 

It’s the latest in a string of changes at the EPA under the Trump administration, and raises yet more concerns for public health. In May, the agency announced plans to roll back limitations for some perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as “forever chemicals,” that had been set by the Biden administration, saying it would keep only the limits for the two most common, PFOA and PFOS. In July, the EPA laid off thousands of employees and announced it would shut down its scientific research office. The same month, the EPA proposed rescinding certain greenhouse gas emissions standards, and just last week announced a plan to do away with the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program that requires some of the nation’s biggest polluters to report their emissions.

Following the latest orders, staffers with the Office of Water who spoke to The Washington Post said they were not given a reason to provide scientific journals as to why the papers have been halted, and no details on the new review process have been shared. One employee told the publication, “This represents millions of dollars of research, potentially, that’s now being stopped.”

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/science/epa-scientists-were-reportedly-ordered-to-halt-publication-of-research-papers-183751436.html?src=rss

Unlike the joy of exploring the underwater world in Subnautica, diving deeper into the Subnautica 2 lawsuit is the furthest thing from rewarding. The latest update in the convoluted lawsuit between Subnautica‘s developer, Unknown Worlds, and its parent company, Krafton, represents a complete 180 with one of the case’s key claims. According to a PC Gamer report, Krafton said that “documents relating to the readiness of the game were irrelevant to the termination” of Unknown Worlds’ leadership, which was one of the main disagreements that led to the legal action in the first place.

As a quick recap, Subnautica 2‘s developers felt the game was ready for early access, while Krafton claimed otherwise and instead delayed it to 2026. The lawsuit hinged on this major dispute and included many crucial elements, like a $250 million performance bonus and the leadership team being fired and replaced. This change of heart from Krafton has left Fortis Advisors, who represent the founders of Unknown Worlds, confused and called this “a seismic shift in the case,” according to PC Gamer.

Krafton reps didn’t offer clear reasoning as to why they’re not pursuing this argument anymore, but instead want to focus on making the case that Unknown Worlds’ leadership “abandoned their post” and “deceived” Krafton, according to the report. To further complicate things, Fortis claimed that Krafton isn’t cooperating with providing evidence for the lawsuit. As the case moves through the discovery phase, where both sides try to obtain evidence from the other, it’s obvious that thalassophiles will have to wait a little longer for the hotly anticipated sequel.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/gaming/the-complicated-subnautica-2-lawsuit-just-took-a-bizarre-twist-175829731.html?src=rss

The Shai-Hulud malware campaign impacted hundreds of npm packages across multiple maintainers, reports Koi Security, including popular libraries like @ctrl/tinycolor and some packages maintained by CrowdStrike.

Malicious versions embed a trojanized script (bundle.js) designed to steal developer credentials, exfiltrate secrets, and persist in repositories and endpoints through automated workflows.
Koi Security created a table of packages identified as compromised, promising it’s “continuously updated” (and showing the last compromise detected Tuesday). Nearly all of the compromised packages have a status of “removed from NPM”.

Attackers published malicious versions of @ctrl/tinycolor and other npm packages, injecting a large obfuscated script (bundle.js) that executes automatically during installation. This payload repackages and republishes maintainer projects, enabling the malware to spread laterally across related packages without direct developer involvement. As a result, the compromise quickly scaled beyond its initial entry point, impacting not only widely used open-source libraries but also CrowdStrike’s npm packages.
The injected script performs credential harvesting and persistence operations. It runs TruffleHog to scan local filesystems and repositories for secrets, including npm tokens, GitHub credentials, and cloud access keys for AWS, GCP, and Azure. It also writes a hidden GitHub Actions workflow file (.github/workflows/shai-hulud-workflow.yml) that exfiltrates secrets during CI/CD runs, ensuring long-term access even after the initial infection. This dual focus on endpoint secret theft and backdoors makes Shai-Hulud one of the most dangerous campaigns ever compared to previous compromises.
“The malicious code also attempts to leak data on GitHub by making private repositories public,” according to a Tuesday blog post from security systems provider Sysdig:
The Sysdig Threat Research Team (TRT) has been monitoring this worm’s progress since its discovery. Due to quick response times, the number of new packages being compromised has slowed considerably. No new packages have been seen in several hours at the time…

Their blog post concludes “Supply chain attacks are increasing in frequency. It is more important than ever to monitor third-party packages for malicious activity.”

Some context from Tom’s Hardware:

To be clear: This campaign is distinct from the incident that we covered on Sept. 9, which saw multiple npm packages with billions of weekly downloads compromised in a bid to steal cryptocurrency. The ecosystem is the same — attackers have clearly realized the GitHub-owned npm package registry for the Node.js ecosystem is a valuable target — but whoever’s behind the Shai-Hulud campaign is after more than just some Bitcoin.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Long-time Slashdot reader robinsrowe shared this report from the Register:

The C++ standards committee abandoned a detailed proposal to create a rigorously safe subset of the language, according to the proposal’s co-author, despite continuing anxiety about memory safety. “The Safety and Security working group voted to prioritize Profiles over Safe C++. Ask the Profiles people for an update. Safe C++ is not being continued,” Sean Baxter, author of the cutting-edge Circle C++ compiler, commented in June this year. The topic came up as developers like Simone Bellavia noted the anniversary of the proposal and discovered a decision had been made on Safe C++.

One year ago, Baxter told The Reg that the project would enable C++ developers to get the memory safety of Rust, but without having to learn a new language. “Safe C++ prevents users from writing unsound code,” he said. “This includes compile-time intelligence like borrow checking to prevent use-after-free bugs and initialization analysis for type safety.” Safe C++ would enable incremental migration of code, since it only applies to code in the safe context. Existing unsafe code would run as before.

Even the matter of whether the proposal has been abandoned is not clear-cut. Erich Keane, C++ committee member and co-chair of the C++ Evolution Working Group (EWG), said that Baxter’s proposal “got a vote of encouragement where roughly 1/2 (20/45) of the people encouraged Sean’s paper, and 30/45 encouraged work on profiles (with 6 neutral)… Sean is completely welcome to continue the effort, and many in the committee would love to see him make further effort on standardizing it.”
In response, Baxter said: “The Rust safety model is unpopular with the committee. Further work on my end won’t change that. Profiles won the argument.” He added that the language evolution principles adopted by the EWG include the statement that “we should avoid requiring a safe or pure function annotation that has the semantics that a safe or pure function can only call other safe or pure functions.” This, he said, is an “irreconcilable design disagreement….”

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From a disastrous AMA on Monday to disappointing Legion Go 2 preorder customers on Friday, the Lenovo team is having a hell of a week. To kick things off, the Lenovo Legion team hosted an AMA on Reddit revolving around its gaming handheld launch. The Legion Go 2 generated a ton of hype, being Lenovo’s next-gen gaming handheld with more powerful specs and a higher price tag, but the team only answered 10 questions before abandoning the thread. On Wednesday, Lenovo apologized for not being prepared enough to answer all the questions, but followed it up with a bombshell in an edit posted on Friday, adding that “we will need to cancel some preorders placed directly on Lenovo.com” for the Legion Go 2.

According to the Lenovo team, the demand “substantially exceeded our projections” and led to “unforeseen delivery range extensions.” While the orders with Lenovo’s retail partners, like Best Buy, aren’t affected, anyone who preordered the Legion Go 2 directly on the Lenovo website may see some frustrating news in their inboxes. The cancellations might not be a total shocker, since some user reports are circulating that Lenovo already pushed initial ship dates from September to October with “zero communication about the delay.”

To try to save face, Lenovo explained that “as soon as our inventory is replenished, Lenovo.com will show updated availability and ordering will reopen.” There’s no indication yet if those with canceled orders will get priority with the next batch of available devices, but the Lenovo team said it would respond to the AMA thread’s questions over the rest of the month. However, if Reddit comments are any indication, there’s a good chance a lot of customers won’t reorder following this catastrophic launch.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/gaming/lenovo-abruptly-cancels-some-legion-go-2-preorders-due-to-overwhelming-demand-161250775.html?src=rss

Micro- and nanoplastic particles “infiltrate all systems of the body, including the brain,” notes the University of Rhode Island, “where they can accumulate and trigger Alzheimer’s-like conditions, according to a new study by researchers in the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy.”

ScienceDaily shares the announcement:

After a previous study that showed how microplastics can infiltrate all systems of the body — including the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from harmful substances as small as viruses and bacteria — University of Rhode Island pharmacy assistant professor Jaime Ross expanded the study to determine the brain health impacts of the plastic toxins. Her findings indicate that the accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics in the brain can lead to cognitive decline and even Alzheimer’s disease, especially in those who carry genetic risk factors.

Ross’ latest study, published recently in the journal Environmental Research Communications, examined mice that had been genetically modified to include the naturally occurring gene APOE4, a strong indicator of Alzheimer’s risk making people 3.5 times more likely to develop the disease than those who carry the APOE3 variant of the gene that is passed from parents to offspring… Ross and her team exposed two groups of mice — one with the APOE4 variant and one with APOE3 — to micro- and nanoplastics in their drinking water over a period of three weeks. The tiny particles from polystyrene — among the most abundant plastics in the world, found in Styrofoam take-out containers, plastic cups and more — infiltrated the mice’ organs, including the brain, as expected…

Ross’ team then ran the mice through a series of tests to examine their cognitive ability, beginning with an open-field test, in which researchers put a mouse in a chamber and allow it to explore at will for 90 minutes. Ordinarily, a mouse will hug the walls, naturally attempting to hide from potential predators. However, after microplastic exposure, the APOE4 mice — especially the male mice — tended to wander more in the middle of the chamber and spend time in open space, leaving themselves vulnerable to predators…

The results are concerning enough to warrant further study into the cognitive decline caused by exposure to micro- and nanoplastics, which are among the most prominent environmental toxins to which people are routinely exposed… Ross is continuing to expand her research into the topic and encourages others to do so, in the hope of leading to better regulation of the toxins.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

“OpenAI’s video generation tool, Sora, can create high-definition clips of just about anything you could ask for…” reports the Washington Post.
“But OpenAI has not specified which videos it grabbed to make Sora, saying only that it combined ‘publicly available and licensed data’…”

With ChatGPT, OpenAI helped popularize the now-standard industry practice of building more capable AI tools by scraping vast quantities of text from the web without consent. With Sora, launched in December, OpenAI staff said they built a pioneering video generator by taking a similar approach. They developed ways to feed the system more online video — in more varied formats — including vertical videos and longer, higher-resolution clips… To explore what content OpenAI may have used, The Washington Post used Sora to create hundreds of videos that show it can closely mimic movies, TV shows and other content…

In dozens of tests, The Post found that Sora can create clips that closely resemble Netflix shows such as “Wednesday”; popular video games like “Minecraft”; and beloved cartoon characters, as well as the animated logos for Warner Bros., DreamWorks and other Hollywood studios, movies and TV shows. The publicly available version of Sora can generate only 20-second clips, without audio. In most cases, the look-alike scenes were made by typing basic requests like “universal studios intro.” The results also showed that Sora can create AI videos with the logos or watermarks that broadcasters and tech companies use to brand their video content, including those for the National Basketball Association, Chinese-owned social app TikTok and Amazon-owned streaming platform Twitch…

Sora’s ability to re-create specific imagery and brands suggests a version of the originals appeared in the tool’s training data, AI researchers said. “The model is mimicking the training data. There’s no magic,” said Joanna Materzynska, a PhD researcher at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has studied datasets used in AI. An AI tool’s ability to reproduce proprietary content doesn’t necessarily indicate that the original material was copied or obtained from its creators or owners. Content of all kinds is uploaded to video and social platforms, often without the consent of the copyright holder… Materzynska co-authored a study last year that found more than 70 percent of public video datasets commonly used in AI research contained content scraped from YouTube.
Netflix and Twitch said they did not have a content partnership for training OpenAI, according to the article (which adds that OpenAI “has yet to face a copyright suit over the data used for Sora.”)
Two key quotes from the article:

“Unauthorized scraping of YouTube content continues to be a violation of our Terms of Service.” — YouTube spokesperson Jack Malon
“We train on publicly available data consistent with fair use and use industry-leading safeguards to avoid replicating the material they learn from.” — OpenAI spokesperson Kayla Wood

Read more of this story at Slashdot.