Five Ways to Lower Your Pool Maintenance Costs This Summer

There’s something magical about having a pool you can just dip into any time you want. That’s why it’s estimated there are nearly 11 million pools in the U.S., most of them residential.

But pools are expensive. Aside from the price of installing one, it can cost anywhere from $3,000 to $6,000 annually to own and maintain a pool, which is why it’s often advisable not to add a pool to your home if you’re thinking of selling it someday. If your house already has a pool, or you want those summertime pool parties more than you want your money, you can at least cut down on those pool maintenance costs with a few simple steps.

Use a pool cover

One of the easiest ways to lower your pool maintenance costs is to use a pool cover. Covering your pool when you’re not using it has several distinct benefits:

  • It slows evaporation, which saves you money because you won’t have to refill your pool as often.

  • It keeps the pool cleaner by keeping debris out of the pool, which can help your pool filtering system last longer because it won’t be under as much stress.

  • It reduces the amount of chemicals you’ll need to put into the water—these chemicals break down easily in sunlight, so the more the pool is covered, the longer they will last.

  • It will keep the water warmer, reducing the need to run a heater.

Filter at night

Many people run their pool filters 24 hours a day. That’s understandable, because no one likes to dive under the water and discover dead bugs, rotting leaves, and other gross stuff floating around. But most pools only need to be filtered about eight hours a day to get a full “turnover” of the water, depending on the volume of your pool and the gallons per minute (GPM) your filter can handle.

Running the filter for those eight hours at night has another benefit: Chances are electricity is cheaper then, so you’ll pay less overall to keep your pool clean.

Clean the filter

While the rule of thumb for cleaning out your pool’s filter is to do it every few months, the more often you clean it the more efficiently your filter will run, and the less wear and tear you’ll put on it. You can see physical evidence of this by checking your filter’s pressure (measured in pounds per square inch, or PSI). If it’s above the normal range (typically anywhere between 10-25 PSI depending on the size of your filter and pool), it’s working harder than it should be. Cleaning out your filter twice a month is probably ideal, especially if your pool is located in a spot that causes it to fill up with debris regularly. It’ll save you money in the long run because your pool systems will last longer.

Keep the chemicals and water level in balance

A pool is a system, and that system has to be kept in balance:

  • Chemicals. A large standing body of water will quickly turn into a swampy mosquito farm if you don’t treat it with a cocktail of chemicals, including sanitizer (usually stabilized chlorine). Checking the pH level, chlorine, alkalinity, and other factors on a regular basis will reduce your maintenance costs because it will reduce the frequency of bacterial and algae blooms, and keeping the acidity level of your water low will protect your equipment from damage.

  • Water. One of the simplest things you can do to keep your pool maintenance costs low is not overfill your pool. If you fill it to the brim, every time someone steps (or dives) into it a large volume of water will be wasted as it sloshes over the rim. Over time you’ll be paying to refill the pool more than you should be.

Add a dark-colored pool liner

If you’re paying to keep your pool warm, you should consider putting in a dark-colored liner. This can be a DIY job—you’ll need to drain the pool, remove the old liner if you have one, and install the new one—though you’ll be better off hiring professionals.

A darker pool liner will keep the water naturally warmer because it will absorb more of the sun’s energy. You could also install a solar-powered heating system, of course, but that will cost a lot more than a liner.

Now Is a Good Time to Buy a Refurbished M-Series MacBook

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Apple just casually announced the new M4 MacBook Air with sales beginning on March 12. While that may be exciting news for anyone looking to get the latest and greatest devices, it can also be a boon for anyone hunting for deals. After new products launch, there tend to be some great discounts on earlier models to help clear inventory. Apple unfortunately has a pretty controlled sales market, so finding new units of earlier models may be difficult. But if you’re familiar and comfortable with the wide world of refurbished products, you can find some excellent deals on slightly older MacBooks. To help you start your search, I’ve rounded up a few exciting options from the refurbished market.

M1 Pro MacBook Pro

This refurbished M1 Pro MacBook Pro comes in under the new $999 MacBook Air, but offers some upgrades. It has more storage than a base MacBook Air, matches its memory, features a large 16-inch display, and comes with extra ports. This model also runs an M1 Pro chip, which is a more powerful version of the M1 chip that dazzled so many in the tech community.

M3 MacBook Air

If you don’t need the latest processor, the M3 MacBook Air could serve you well. This discount from Amazon offers a new M3 MacBook Air for $200 less than the newer model. This one is thankfully upgraded to 16GB of memory, which improves both the device’s ability to run multiple tasks at once, as well as its overall longevity.

M2 MacBook Air

You can go yet another generation back and save even more on a Mac. This M2 MacBook Air from Amazon is still in new condition, and costs just $699. It’s not a base model either, shipping with the all-too-important 16GB memory upgrade for future-proofing.

M1 Pro MacBook Pro

For less than the price of a new M4 MacBook Air, you can grab this beefed up M1 Pro MacBook Pro. It, too, comes with 16GB of memory, ensuring better longevity, and it even includes 512GB of storage. This unit is in “Excellent – Refurbished” condition, so it should still look and work like new, and it gets a one-year Allstate warranty. The same configuration is also available from Amazon for $899.

M3 Pro MacBook Pro

This 16-inch MacBook Pro is a sizable discount next to the M4 Pro models Apple now offers. eBay is currently offering it for $1,679.95, down from $2,099.99. The 18GB of memory and powerful M3 Pro processor offer a big edge on heavy computing workloads, and comes with a fantastic display. This model is eBay Certified Refurbished, so you can expect a like-new machine and enjoy a two-year warranty backed by Allstate.

The M4 MacBook Air Is a Much Better Value Than the Pro

Earlier this week, I proclaimed the brand new M4 MacBook Air the best MacBook for most people. In short, that’s because Apple packages everything that’s already great about modern MacBook Airs with its latest M4 chip, all for a fantastic MSRP of $999.

The thing is, the M4 chip itself isn’t brand new: Apple first rolled it out with the iPad Pro last May, before introducing the M4 MacBook Pro in October. Before this week, Apple had cemented the MacBook Air as the previous generation brand: If you want an entry-level Apple computer, you could buy the M2 MacBook Air for $999, or the M3 MacBook Air for a little more. If you wanted M4, well, that’s “Pro” territory.

M4 vs. M4

No longer: Whether you buy a new MacBook Air or MacBook Pro, you’re getting the M4 chip. These chips are almost identical between Air and Pro, but with one caveat. The SoC (System on Chip) comes with a 10-core CPU (four performance cores and six efficiency cores) and a 16-core Neural Engine on all models, and a 10-core GPU on the Pro. You can get a 10-core GPU on the Air, but only if you pay extra. If you buy the entry-level $999 machine, you get an eight-core GPU. Those additional two GPU cores will cost you $100.

It’s a small difference, but a difference that, on paper, suggests better performance from the M4 MacBook Pro—especially for graphics-intensive tasks. If you work with animation or high-resolution video, or play AAA games, those two GPU cores on the Pro could come in handy. However, paper specs mean very little for real-world use: It’s when you see how these machines actually perform when put to the test do you know how big (or small) these differences really are.

We’ll need to wait for Apple to release the M4 MacBook Air before we see those real-world tests in action. But in the meantime, we do have some evidence that goes beyond the spec sheet. As reported by Wccftech, testers have uploaded Geekbench Metal benchmarks for the M4 MacBook Air to the internet—and the results are illuminating. This test examines a chip’s GPU performance via Apple’s Metal API. The eight-core M4 MacBook Air scored 54,864 on the test, while the 10-core M4 MacBook Pro scored 57,788. That’s a 5% gain for the MacBook Pro, which, while certainly nice to have, is not the huge jump you might expect from an additional two GPU cores—especially when you consider the Pro starts at $1,599.

Again, benchmarks don’t necessarily reflect real-world usage. Those two cores might push the Pro more than these results imply. Plus, the Pro has internal fans to keep the M4 chip cool under pressure. The Air doesn’t have fans, which means it may slow down performance if things get too hot sooner than the Pro would. We’ll simply need to see how these two machines stack up side-by-side when review units arrive.

Power and price

Regardless, the M4 MacBook Air is shaping up to be a powerhouse of a machine—especially for the price. The M4 MacBook Pro, for example, costs $600 more, and while you gain additional perks like a brighter, higher-quality display, double the storage, an HDMI port, and SDXC card slot, you might find you prefer the extra $600 in your wallet. Ignoring these perks, if you’re someone who is buying a Mac with power in mind, you no longer need to count out the Air. In fact, it should probably be your first choice, only ruled out if the work you do requires the extra “oomph” the Pro can offer.

To be clear, this comparison is between the M4 chip, not the M4 Pro chip. You can only get the M4 Pro in the MacBook Pro, and that model starts at $1,999. At that point, it’s a very different discussion.

Nine of the Strangest Tax Deductions You Might Qualify For

With tax season in full swing, smart filers are looking to maximize every deduction available to them. We’re all familiar with common tax deductions like mortgage interest, charitable donations, and retirement contributions. However, there are plenty of unexpected deductions and other little-known uses for pre-tax money.

Andy Phillips, Vice President of H&R Block’s Tax Institute, shares some more unexpected facts about deductions. For instance, people who are wrongfully incarcerated may be able to exclude settlement money they receive to compensate them. And if you’re just starting to repay your student loans for the first time, you might not know that most taxpayers can deduct up to $2,500 of student loan interest payments each year. 

Here are some more of the strangest tax deductions people have claimed and actually gotten away with.

Gambling losses

While gambling winnings are taxable income, the IRS allows taxpayers to deduct their gambling losses up to the amount of their winnings. This deduction is often claimed by professional gamblers and those who frequent casinos.

Your pool or hot tub

If you are self-employed and use your backyard pool or hot tub to entertain clients or employees, you may be able to deduct a portion of your operating costs and even the initial installation. Just make sure to carefully document the business uses.

Snacks

Daycares can deduct set amounts for the breakfast, lunch, and snacks provided to children in their care. 

Tampons

Menstrual care products like tampons and pads are qualified expenses you can pay with your health savings account.

Pet care for service animals

For the most part, deducting medical expenses for pets is not allowed as a medical expense on your tax return. The only exception is when an animal is a certified service animal, like a guide dog, to assist you. Service animals generally aren’t considered pets though. If you have a physical disability or are hearing or visually impaired, you can deduct medical expenses for your pets if they are certified service animals. Expenses that may be covered include purchasing, training, and maintenance of the animal which includes food, grooming, and medical care.

Some cosmetic surgeries

A taxpayer can deduct medical expenses for cosmetic surgery necessary to improve a deformity arising from, or directly related to, a congenital abnormality, a personal injury resulting from an accident or trauma, or a disfiguring disease. Breast reconstruction after cancer and vision correction surgery are examples of a deductible surgery.

Clarinet lessons

Believe it or not, the IRS has allowed deductions for clarinet lessons as a medical expense in certain circumstances where the lessons were recommended by a doctor to help treat a health condition like stammering or neurological issues. You’ll need a physician’s letter to claim this one.

EV chargers

If you install an electric vehicle charger in your home, you may be eligible for a tax credit. Similarly, while you can’t just run an extension cord out the window and make bank letting people charge their EVs, there are other ways to monetize a home EV charger.

Construction expenses

If you build a house, construction expenses you can include are the land, materials, architect fees, building inspection fees, and building permit fees. 

The bottom line

Remember to keep accurate records and consult with a tax professional if you have any questions or concerns. While the above deductions might not apply to you, there are still plenty of deductions to make sure you’re taking advantage of—like home office perks or retirement contributions. And if you want to avoid the April 15 scramble, be sure to check out the best filing services for 2025.

DuckDuckGo Is Getting Into AI Search Results, Too

After months of beta testing, DuckDuckGo’s AI integrations are going live for everyone and getting some upgrades at the same time: They’re free to use (with certain limits), and stay in line with DuckDuckGo’s commitment to user privacy (you don’t have to create an account to use them, and your searches aren’t tracked).

As with Google, Bing, ChatGPT, and others, you can now get AI answers to your web searches at DuckDuckGo. They appear in a small box with an Assist label attached, but they aren’t as prominent and don’t show up as often as they do on Google or Bing—DuckDuckGo is aiming for a less-is-more approach to the feature.

DuckDuckGo AI
You can decide how much AI you see.
Credit: Lifehacker

“We’re not making AI features just for the sake of making AI features,” writes DuckDuckGo CEO Gabriel Weinberg. “They have to be actually useful in everyday use, starting with helping people get faster, high-quality answers to their questions.”

With this in mind, you can tune down the amount of AI you see—head to the DuckDuckGo settings page, and under AI Features, there’s a drop-down menu that lets you choose between Never, On-demand, Sometimes, and Often. If you choose either of the latter two, the search engine uses its best judgment as to which queries might benefit from AI answers and which won’t.

The second part of DuckDuckGo’s AI offering is the Duck.ai chatbot. You can ask follow-up questions of the bot whenever you see an AI Assist response in search results, and you can also access it via its own web portal: You’ve got access to multiple AI models here, including GPT-4o mini, Llama 3.3, and Claude 3 Haiku.

DuckDuckGo AI
How the AI Assist box looks at the top of results.
Credit: Lifehacker

Chats are never saved on DuckDuckGo servers, or used to train AI models, and you can wipe all chats from the record using the flame icon in the toolbar on the right. Ideally, DuckDuckGo wants you to use a combination of web search, AI Assist, and AI chat to help you get the answers you’re looking for.

If you’re wondering how all of this stays free without any tracking, DuckDuckGo makes its money from advertising—it’s just that the ads aren’t as targeted as they are on Google, because DuckDuckGo doesn’t know anywhere near as much about you. The company is also exploring the idea of a paid plan for access to more advanced AI models and for extra chats with AI (there’s already a $10-per-month pro-level subscription, which includes a VPN and some other extras).

Testing out the DuckDuckGo AI

I spent some time playing around with the new AI features, and on the whole they follow the general DuckDuckGo ethos: Everything is simple, straightforward to use, cleanly presented, and accessible without having to jump through multiple hoops just to get started with these tools.

With an AI Assist level of Sometimes, DuckDuckGo usually makes the right call about whether or not AI should get involved. The reason why these search engines are rushing to implement AI is that queries like “how does DNA work?” or “how do I fix a PC that won’t boot?” are often better answered by a bot than the traditional list of links—especially if you can ask follow-up questions for clarification.

DuckDuckGo AI
You can quickly get to Duck.ai from the search results.
Credit: Lifehacker

For more traditional searches, like “Eiffel Tower” or “intermittent fasting,” DuckDuckGo sticks to the standard approach (AI models have never been to France, or tried dieting). If you’re looking for an AI response and one doesn’t appear, you can click the Assist button to generate it.

AI companies are often vague and dismissive when it comes to accuracy, so it’s good to see DuckDuckGo addressing the issue: The AI Assist answers are “as reliable as the sources from which they are drawn,” with measures in place to avoid spammy or satirical sites, and user feedback adding an extra level of verification. The web sources for AI answers are always clearly displayed, so you can click through to see the actual websites.

All of the AI answers I received seemed fully accurate: I ran some tests with tech questions; the AI Assist tool picked some well-respected online publications to pull information from, and presented it accurately. There is the question of where we get to when AI is answering everything, and humans are no longer bothering to put enough information online for AI to scrape, but that’s a topic for another day.

DuckDuckGo AI
You can ask follow-up questions within the search results themselves.
Credit: Lifehacker

I found the Duck.ai chatbot didn’t appear as often as I would’ve liked, to ask follow-up questions. It’s easy enough to switch to the chatbot manually, but then you find yourself bumping up against the knowledge cut-off points of these various models—they rely on historical training data rather than the latest information online. More work needs to be done on integrating live web search with AI here.

On the whole, DuckDuckGo seems to have the balance right, if you want to avoid AI overload: The AI Assist feature doesn’t always appear, and doesn’t dominate the search results when it does show up. Answers are brief and accurate, and while there’s a lot of competition out there, the privacy-first approach is reassuring.

This Nintendo Switch Lite Is Over $30 Off Right Now

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The Nintendo Switch Lite is already a solid pick for gamers who prefer a portable console, but this deal on Woot makes it even more tempting. For $164.99 (for the next two days or until it sells out)—down from its usual $199—you’re getting an open-box Singapore model that’s been fitted with an official Nintendo USA power adapter. That means functionally, it’s the same as the U.S. version, and it plays all U.S. and international Switch games without any issue. The only catch is that it’s an open-box deal, so while it’s brand new, the box has been opened for the adapter swap. And since this is a Woot deal, it comes with a 90-day Woot limited warranty instead of Nintendo’s usual one-year coverage. Prime members get free shipping, but non-members will have to add $6 to their total.

If you like gaming on the go, the Switch Lite is a solid choice. It’s compact, lightweight, and easy to toss into a bag without worrying about detachable Joy-Cons sliding around. But that same portability comes with a trade-off—you can’t dock it to a TV, so handheld mode is your only option. Additionally, the controls are built into the system, meaning there’s no swapping Joy-Cons for multiplayer gaming unless you buy compatible controllers separately. But if you’re a solo gamer who mostly plays RPGs, platformers, or indie titles, this won’t be much of a downside. If you’re on the fence, PCMag has a detailed breakdown of whether the standard Switch or the Lite is the better choice.

Specs-wise, the Switch Lite holds its own. It’s got an eight-inch screen, a 1.02 GHz processor, and a smooth 60 FPS frame rate. It also supports Bluetooth audio, so you’re not stuck using wired headphones, notes this PCMag review. Battery life is decent, ranging from three to seven hours depending on what you’re playing—Breath of the Wild will drain it faster than Stardew Valley. Storage is where things get tight, though. The built-in 32GB will fill up fast, so you’ll likely need a microSD card sooner rather than later (something like the 512GB SanDisk microSD, which is officially licensed for the Switch, could be a good pick). If you mostly play digital games, factor that into your budget.

How to Change the Settings on a Lectric XPeak 2.0 E-Bike

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If you own a Lectric XPeak 2.0 e-bike, it’s possible to modify a ton of aspects of the bike right from the onboard screen, including changing the top speed, adjusting the throttle and pedal assist, controlling the lights, and more. But these settings are not readily understandable from the display alone, so here’s a step-by-step guide to how to change settings on a Lectric e-bike, as well as some suggestions on which settings you should change, and which you definitely shouldn’t.

(You can check out my review of the Lectric XPeak 2.0 right here.)

How to adjust the settings on a Lectric XPeak 2.0 e-bike

Here’s how to access the settings menu of a Lectric XPeak 2.0 e-bike:

  • Power the bike on.

  • Hold down the “+” and “-” keys on the controller on the left handlebar for a few seconds, until you see this:

Cockpit Xpeak 2.0

Credit: Stephen Johnson

  • Press the power-on button to toggle between each numbered setting. Use “+” and “-” keys to change their values—but don’t change any settings until you know what you’re changing.

What do the different settings on a Lectric e-bike do?

If you’ve gotten into the settings menu of your Lectric XPeak 2.0, you can see that the settings are labeled P-1 through P-22 with no other information available on screen. That’s not a lot to go on, so here’s what the settings do. (You’ll notice there are a few settings I skip over—I’ll go over that in another section below.)

  • P1: Changes the brightness of the display screen. There are three settings. “1” is dimmest. “3” is brightest. Default is 2.

  • P2: Toggles between miles and kilometers. “0” is kilometers. “1” is miles.

  • P4: Sleep timer: Changes how long it will take for the bike to power off if not used. The default is 10 minutes, but you change it from “0” (which means it never automatically turns off) to 60 minutes.

  • P6: Tire size: You can change this from 27 to 31. This is used to compute distance and speed, and shouldn’t be changed unless you’ve changed tire size from the default, 29.2.

  • P8: Speed limit: This sets the bike’s top speed. 32 is a “Class 2” setting, meaning the top speed is 20 mph. 45 is “Class 3,” boosting the speed limit to 28 mph when using pedal assist. The default is 32, or 20 mph, so you’ll need to change this if you want to go faster.

  • P9: Throttle active toggle: Setting this to 0 means the throttle can be used from a standstill. Setting it to 1 means the throttle can only be used when the bike is moving.

  • P10: Throttle/pedal assist system toggle: There are three settings here: “0” means the pedal assist is active, but throttle is not. “1” means only the throttle is active, with no pedal assist. “2” means both PAS and throttle are active. The default is 2, which most users will want to use most of the time, but there are cases where it makes sense to change it (see below).

  • P11: Multiplier toggle: This changes the torque on your bike. “0” is the default, normal torque multiplier. “1” is increased torque multiplier. If you want quicker acceleration, set this to “1,” but don’t change it until you know the bike fairly well—the default multiplier provides plenty of torque. I tested this out and didn’t notice a ton of difference anyway.

  • P12: Light control: “0” means “no light icon on the display means the front and rear lights are OFF. When the light icon is on, the front and rear lights are ON.” Changing this to “1” means “The front and rear lights are flashing right away when bike is on. The icon on the display for light is flashing at the same rate as front and rear lights.” When you turn the light on in setting one, you’ll see an icon on the display screen with no flashing.

  • P13: Walk mode speed: “0” sets the walk mode speed to 3mph. “1” is a slightly brisker 3.7 mph.

  • P16: Odometer reset: Hold the “+” for 5 seconds to reset the odometer to “0.”

  • P20: Walk mode toggle: setting this to “0” disables walk mode. Setting this to “1” enables it. (To turn on walk mode, hold down the “-” button on the controller. If enabled, your bike will move forward at the speed you set on P13.)

  • P22: Assistance level: “0” limits the pedal assist to 9mph if you’re on pedal assist level 1 and 15 mph if you’re on pedal assist level 2. The same “speed limit” applies to the throttle. “1” means the pedal assist is not speed limited on pedal assist levels 1 and 2, but the throttle is speed limited. “2” means there is no speed-limit on pedal assist or throttle, no matter what pedal assist level you’re in. (Of course the bike’s overall speed limit of either 20mph or 28mph still applies.)

Which settings should you change on an XPeak 2.0?

The setting that most users will be concerned with is P8, the speed limit of the bike. The default is a 20 mph speed limit that you can reach with either pedal assist or throttle, but you may want to boost it to 28 (assuming that a class 3 e-bike is legal in your local area and you’re experienced enough to handle the extra speed.) This setting means the throttle or pedal assist will take you to 20 mph, then the throttle will cut off but you can use pedal assist to go up to 28 mph. There is no setting to use throttle control to go over 20 mph.

Another setting to consider is P9, the throttle active toggle. The default setting means that the throttle can be activated from a standstill, but you might want to change it so the throttle can only work if the bike is in motion. If you accidentally hit the thumb throttle a lot, especially when walking your bike, this prevents your bike “jumping forward.”

P10 is another useful setting for some situations. In some places, it’s not legal to ride a “class 2” e-bike, meaning one that has throttle control. This setting disables the throttle but allows the pedal assist, transforming your class 2 bike into a class 1.

What about the rest of the settings?

The Lectric XPeak 2.0 has 22 total settings that can be changed from the dashboard, but only 13 are listed above. I looked into it, and the nine “secret” settings on Lectric bikes are less exciting than I’d hoped. They’re mostly settings that allow different models of bikes to use the same computer, so they change things like the voltage level of the battery and the magnet type. Do not change these settings; as far as I can tell, there’s nothing to be gained from doing so. If you accidentally alter these somehow and you don’t know the correct setting, do not ride the bike until you’ve spoken to someone at Lectric who can help you restore the proper values.

“I messed up the settings on my Lectric XPeak 2.0! How can I fix it?”

Sadly, there is no “return to factory default” setting on Lectric’s controller. To get your e-bike back to how it was, you can use the manual to see the default number for each setting, or contact the company for extra help.

Google Just Patched 43 Security Vulnerabilities in Android

Google’s first Pixel Drop of 2025 happened this week with a long list of upgrades for the company’s flagship phones, tablets, and watches. Google followed the update closely with the March 2025 Android Security Bulletin, with fixes for 43 malicious bugs—including two zero-day vulnerabilities that may actively be under “limited, targeted exploitation” on devices running Android OS.

The patches cover concerns ranging from flaws that allow attackers to gain remote code execution on vulnerable devices to issues with Qualcomm and MediaTek components. The two zero-day (highest severity) exploits are labeled CVE-2024-43093 and CVE-2024-50302, both of which are “privilege escalation” flaws. According to Bleeping Computer, the former lets attackers access sensitive data by bypassing a file path filter without any additional input from the user. The latter is an issue in the Linux kernel that allows the unlocking of confiscated devices (and has reportedly been used by Serbian law enforcement to target activists).

Zero-days are security vulnerabilities that are publicly disclosed before the developer has an opportunity to issue a patch. Even if the current exploitation is limited to these Serbian authorities, it’s important to protect your devices before additional bad actors take advantage of these flaws as well.

How to ensure your Android device is updated

In most cases, all you need to do to fix security flaws on Android is update your device when you receive a notification to do so. Google issues patches for its own Pixel phones and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) code, and also alerts other manufacturers—like Samsung, Motorola, and OnePlus—when updates are on their way.

Devices running Android 10 and later may get both security updates and Google Play system updates. The current batch of patches applies to AOSP versions 12, 12L, 13, 14, and 15, and the most recent is dated 2025-03-05.

If you’re not sure whether your Android device has been updated or believe you may have missed the notification, head to your device settings to locate your Android version (About phone or About tablet > Android version) and check your update status (System > Software update or System update). Follow the on-screen prompts to download and install available patches.

AI-Powered Summaries Are Coming to the App Store, Too

There are nearly two million apps on the iOS App Store, and a lot of them aren’t worth your time. That’s why many of us, when considering a new app, turn to reviews: You want to see what other users’ experiences were like with the app—whether they loved it, liked it, or loathed it.

Personally, the current review system works fine for me. I scan some reviews, and generally get a sense of whether the app is right for me. If I’m feeling particularly analytical, I’ll even adjust the filters, perhaps to see which reviews are most critical (so it’s not just a bunch of fluff) or ones that are most recent, to see what customers thought of the latest version of the app.

But it’s 2025, which means one thing: AI. We can’t continue to live in the past. We must embrace the future of artificial intelligence, so say the tech companies. Why do 30 seconds of scanning, when the AI can cut that work down to 20 seconds? Perhaps even 15?

Apple’s AI App Store review summaries

With iOS 18.4, currently in beta, Apple is testing AI-generated summaries for reviews in the App Store. According to Apple, these summaries pull from “highlights and key information” from reviews for apps and games and are updated at least once a week, if the app or game has enough reviews to support it. These summaries will appear directly beneath the rating for the app or game, under the heading “Reviews Summary.”

Apple says review summaries are currently only available in English for a “limited number of apps and games” in the United States. The company plans to expand the feature to more countries and languages over the year.

Here’s the thing about features like this: they’re largely ignorable. If you love them, great! You can take a peek at the AI-generated summary and decide for yourself whether you’d like to read the reviews further. If you don’t like them, also great! Scroll right past to the reviews.

That latter approach is likely the one I’d take. For one, I don’t trust AI to get the gist right, even if the situation is relatively low-stakes. But, like I alluded to earlier, I also don’t think it saves that much time to read an AI summary versus scanning the reviews yourself. You might even miss some interesting insights the AI thought wasn’t important enough to make the review, or see some nuance that went over the AI’s, uh, “head.”

Apple is far from the only company to summarize reviews with AI. Google, Amazon, even NewEgg have all dabbled in this practice, so it’s not like Apple is breaking the mold here. But it does slightly rub me the wrong way—if we start relying on AI to summarize content like this, who is the original content being written for? Hundreds if not thousands of people are writing reviews of their experience, but if you only read the summary, those people are really writing their reviews for the AI—not other human beings.

iOS 18.4 is due out sometime in April. You can experience these summaries now if you install the beta, but if you’d prefer not to risk running temperamental software on your iPhone, you can simply wait until next month.

This TikTok Cleaning Method Might Have Broken My Fan

As the spring gets closer and closer, I was excited to see a new trend on TikTok that claims you can easily clean fans—a pretty tedious chore—just by spritzing the machine and covering it with a plastic bag. I tried it out on two different fans today and the results weren’t great. Here’s what happened and what you can (and should) do instead.

My attempt at the TikTok fan-cleaning hack

First of all, here’s how it’s supposed to look and work when you use a cleaning solution and garbage or plastic bag to “clean” your fan:

There are tons of videos like this on TikTok and they all look pretty effective, so I gave it a real try. Different creators recommend different cleaning solutions, like rubbing alcohol or dish soap, but I decided to fill my spray bottle with diluted Fabuloso, the same thing I’d clean the fan with if I were doing it manually.

First, I saturated my tower fan with some heavy-handed spray, then put the bag over it. Nothing happened. No dust or dirt came out into the bag whatsoever. I decided to take this as a personal win, honestly, and chalk it up to my fan simply not being disgusting and dirty enough. The goal here is ostensibly to dampen the dust within the fan to the point that it becomes heavy and dense enough to actually be blown out of the vents. I simply didn’t have enough dirt!

A tower fan under a plastic bag
Useless.
Credit: Lindsey Ellefson

My small table fan, however, definitely did; it was gross to even look at. I sprayed that one down, put the bag over it for a full 10 minutes, and… nothing. All the dirt was still visible when I removed the bag. None—and I mean none—came off. But worse, my fan got too wet and malfunctioned. It wouldn’t turn off. That, I think is the primary problem with this supposed hack: You can’t unplug the device like you normally would when cleaning something with electrical components, since you need it to be able to blow air in order to complete the trick. Unfortunately for me, my fan charges while it’s plugged in, so even unplugging it did nothing. It had to run for an hour with water inside before it regained the ability to be turned off. I unquestionably damaged and/or broke it by doing this.

A small fan under a bag

Credit: Lindsey Ellefson

In short, not only does this hack not clean the fan vents or blades, but it has the potential to damage your fan. I don’t care how many videos you see of people appearing to pull this off successfully. It’s not worth attempting.

How to clean a fan instead

In this case, it’s best to do things the old-school way. Unplug your fan. On larger box fans, you should be able to unscrew and detach the front plate, giving you access to the interior parts while you plop the front plate into soapy water (your tub works great for this). From there, wipe down the blades with soapy water. If you can’t do that or don’t want to, just use a vacuum with a brush attachment to suck dirt and grime out through the vents and slats. Use soapy water to wipe down the exterior, including the cord, but don’t get any moisture near where the cord connects or any of the buttons. They can be wiped with a plain microfiber cloth. Here’s a more comprehensive breakdown.

While I am sad that the nifty trick didn’t work, I’m glad for two reasons: I can dissuade you from trying it, first of all, and my apartment smells great now that two of my fans have dispersed Fabuloso water through the air. It’s the little things.

The Best Ways to Extend the Life of Your Old Washer and Dryer

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When my wife and I bought our house two decades ago, one of the most exciting things about the process was finally having in-house laundry after spending our whole lives (almost literally) sitting in laundromats. The laundry center in the house wasn’t fancy—and it was small—but it represented freedom and we were excited.

Of course, upon moving in, the laundry machine was instantly non-functional, so we had to scrape out the bottom of our bank account and buy a new one. And that machine has been humming along for 20 years, and might still be running when the sun swells into a red giant and destroys the planet. Considering that most washers and dryers last 10-14 years on average, that’s pretty good.

This wasn’t pure luck, however—I’ve been single-handedly keeping our laundry center going with a combination of regular maintenance and some light repairs. What I’ve learned is that you can keep your washer and dryer operational much longer if you do some pretty basic stuff.

Make sure the machines are level

Your washer and dryer are pretty active appliances—they generate a lot of motion and momentum while spinning heavy, wet clothes around. It’s essential that they be properly balanced and level, otherwise the drums will be off-kilter, causing increased wear and tear on the whole machine.

When the machines are installed, their feet should be adjusted to ensure they’re sitting level and don’t rock from side to side. But you should also be checking your machines on a regular basis with a level—if the appliances aren’t level, it’s time to adjust them until they are. This only takes a few minutes and can really add to the lifespan of the machines.

Read the maintenance instructions

Your washer and dryer came with a user’s manual, and your clothes generally come with basic cleaning instructions. You should read through both to know stuff like

  • Detergent amounts. Using too much detergent can damage your washer over time as residue builds up inside the machine, leading to mold and other damage. Your user manual will give you a guide on how much detergent to use.

  • Detergent type. Check if your washer is a high-efficiency model. If so, you’ll want to use a high-efficiency detergent. Otherwise your washer will struggle to clear out all those suds and the extra wear and tear will shorten its lifespan.

  • The location of all the filters, drains, and dispensers—the stuff you’re going to need to clean and inspect going forward.

  • Error codes and other maintenance and troubleshooting information that can go a long way to keeping your appliance functioning longer, because you’ll have some clue as to how to resolve basic problems.

Clean the insides

A disturbing number of people I’ve spoken to believe your washer and dryer are self-cleaning because they are appliances used to clean things. While it might seem reasonable that a machine like your washer—which regularly soaks itself in soapy water—doesn’t need to be cleaned, this isn’t true. Cleaning your washer and dryer regularly will greatly increase both their effectiveness and their lifespan:

  • For your washer, you can simply use some vinegar and baking soda in an empty load to clean it. You can also purchase cleaning products if the DIY approach doesn’t seem to be working. You should also clean out the filter and agitator and give the whole machine a good scrub, inside and out.

  • For your dryer, you should clean the lint screen, the exterior vent and duct (you can buy drill-powered duct cleaners for this), and wipe down the interior drum.

Clear the drain hoses

The hoses that drain out of your washer can become clogged with what scientists call gunk over the years. Believe me, the first time I took a look inside my washer’s drain hose my life changed, and not for the better. You can usually remove the drain hose without needing to open up the machine—it’s probably just clamped in place. Take it off and use your garden hose to blast clogs out of it with some water pressure, and your washer will have an easier time draining—resulting in dryer clothes and less wear and tear on the machine.

Check your pockets

Everyone occasionally washes something they forgot in their pockets, and it might seem harmless (unless it’s your phone or something else allergic to water). But metal objects like coins, keys, or screws left over from your last DIY project can scratch drums, break stuff, and clog up your filters and drains. As a result, one of the easiest ways to keep your old washer and dryer humming is to always, always check your pockets before dumping stuff in the wash.

And while we’re discussing metal objects, you should also probably not wash clothing with metal in it, like underwires—or even zippers. If you have to wash something with a zipper, you can minimize the danger by making sure it’s fully zipped-up.

Don’t over- or under-do it

Washers and dryers are designed for specific amounts of laundry, and overloading or under-loading can cause damage to the machine:

  • Washers should be run with full loads, but not overloaded. You can weigh your laundry and compare it to your washer’s capacity, which would be very accurate—but you’re probably OK just eye-balling things. Generally speaking, if you fill the washer up three-fourths of the way, you’re not overloading it. Anything less than half full is under-loading it, and both scenarios can cause damage and wear-and-tear to the machine.

  • Dryers, on the other hand, are usually best run lighter. Keeping your dryer loads to about half the capacity of the dryer is a good practice—it’ll ensure your clothes dry more evenly and more quickly, and won’t stress the dryer as much (overloading a modern dryer can also mess with the sensors it uses to tell when clothes are dry).

Six of the Most Common Tax Myths in 2025

As the April 15 tax filing deadline approaches, it’s important to separate fact from fiction when it comes to preparing your returns. “Tax laws are often summarized for [the] sake of quickly explaining a potential benefit—or conflict,” says Andy Phillips, Vice President of H&R Block’s Tax Institute. “When details are omitted, it’s easy to misinterpret law or consider the advice of a trusted friend versus taking time to do firsthand research.” Blindly following someone else’s bad tax advice could cost you precious time and money.

“I can file my tax return with the details from my last paycheck stub.”  

The figures listed on your last paycheck stub may be close to what will be released on your W-2, but it’s not guaranteed that the numbers are always right. Plus, as Phillips explains, this is technically not allowed. “Your last pay stub is not considered an IRS-recognized document for filing. It’s common for calculations to be slightly off throughout the year and not be accounted for until end of year. Payments such as bonuses and commissions can easily be forgotten, and no one enjoys the process of filing an amended return.”

Phillips’ advice: Wait for your employer-prepared W-2. He adds that you should “be wary of return preparers who advertise paystub filing, which is against the rules.” The employer should have issued your W-2 by Jan. 31 at the latest.

“Being unemployed means I don’t have to pay taxes.”  

If you receive any form of unemployment benefits either from the city, state, or federal level, then that’s considered income. All income should be reported on your tax return. Unemployment benefits paid are typically reported with a Form 1099-G. This form functions similarly as a W-2, outlining how much you were paid and if taxes were withheld. 

“Any money that I give counts as a charitable contribution.”  

Of course, giving without the expectation of repayment is an admirable gesture. However, Phillips notes that only charitable gifts and donations made to IRS-qualified tax-exempt institutions are tax-deductible. Typically, a receipt is provided when a tax-deductible gift is received. If you recently made a donation and are unsure if your donation was made to a qualifying organization, use the Tax Exempt Organization Search Tool located on the IRS website. Furthermore, you must itemize to deduct charitable contributions, meaning those claiming the standard deduction are not able to deduct those donations even if made to a qualified organization.

“If I work from home I can take a deduction for my home office.”

With the rise of remote work in the last few years those that work from home may think they can claim the home office deduction. Unfortunately, as Phillips explains, if you are an employee, you cannot claim the deduction—the deduction for employee business expenses was suspended beginning in 2018. On the other hand, if you are self-employed and have a home office it is likely that you can claim the home office deduction.

“This social media post told me that I can claim …”

As I wrote last week, certain tax “loopholes” may go viral, but that doesn’t mean they’re good for your specific tax situation. All across social media, I see creators telling people they can claim tax benefits that are either nonexistent or that they’re not eligible for. Philips concurs: Taxpayers should exercise caution when relying on claims made on social media and should ensure they only use reliable sources when making tax decisions.

“A tax filing extension gives me more time to pay my balance due.”  

Unfortunately, an extension of time to file does not give you more time to pay. Phillips says that “you should try your best to pay your estimated balance due when you request an extension.” If you can’t pay, filing a tax return is the first crucial step to determine your eligibility to enroll in an IRS-approved installment payment plan.

As Phillips explains, neglecting to file on time subjects you to a failure-to-file penalty, which starts at 5% of your unpaid taxes per month, up to five months. If the return is more than 60 days late, a minimum penalty applies. For this year, the minimum penalty is the lesser of 100% of the unpaid tax or $510.

On the other hand, the penalty for just failing to pay is only 0.5% of the unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month the tax remains unpaid.

“This is why it’s so important to file a return, even if you cannot pay the full amount due,” Phillips urges. As long as you file, these penalties combined won’t exceed 25% of your unpaid taxes. Phillips also notes that interest also begins to accrue after the due date on the amount you owe IRS.

By steering clear of these common tax myths, you can avoid costly mistakes and headaches this filing season. As always, it’s best to consult a qualified tax professional who can look at your specific situation and give you legitimate, tailored advice.

How Married Couples Can Double Their Retirement Tax Breaks in 2025

With tax season in full swing, it’s prime time for married couples to maximize all the tax breaks available to them. One strategy that you don’t want to leave on the table: making spousal IRA contributions.

If one spouse isn’t employed, they might be missing out on putting retirement assets in their name—not to mention reducing the tax-deferred growth possibilities as a couple.

Spousal IRA contributions can double your retirement tax breaks

The IRA contribution limits for 2024 are $7,000 for those under age 50, and $8,000 for those age 50 or older. To clarify: You can make 2024 IRA contributions until the tax deadline on April 15, 2025. Generally, you can only contribute up to these limits for your own IRA, meaning you must have an income that will allow you to do so. And as always, you can and should max out these limits, if possible. However, with a spousal IRA, your spouse can also contribute up to the limit in an IRA under your name.

That effectively doubles the amount your household can sock away in IRAs (pre-tax or Roth) each year. The only requirement is that the spouse who owns the IRA must have enough earned income to cover both contributions.

For example, let’s say Alex earns $100,000 per year and her husband Kevin is a stay-at-home dad with no income. Alex can contribute $7,000 to her own IRA. She can also contribute $7,000 to an IRA that is under Kevin’s name. That’s $14,000 total that the household can now save in IRAs, rather than just Alex’s $7,000 limit.

How spousal IRAs work

A spousal IRA isn’t actually a separate type of IRA account—rather, it’s just a traditional IRA or Roth IRA set up in the name of a spouse who has little to no income. This may include those who are caregivers for children or other family members, workers who have returned to school, or people who have left the workforce for another reason.

To be eligible for a spousal IRA, you have to meet a few requirements:

  • You must file taxes as “married filing jointly.”

  • The earning/contributing spouse must make enough to cover the contributions to both their own IRA and the spousal account.

  • There are income-based contribution limits for Roth IRAs and tax deduction limits for traditional IRAs based on your tax filing status. These may affect which type of account you select.

One key to a spousal IRA is that ownership stays with the person named on the account, no matter which spouse is contributing the funds. This also means that an existing IRA—funded while the owner of the account was in the workforce—can function as a spousal IRA if that person is no longer earning income and their partner simply contributes to the account on their behalf.

The bottom line

Eligible couples can use a spousal IRA to double their contributions to traditional individual retirement accounts (IRAs) even if only one partner has an income, and deduct a total of $14,000 (rather than $7,000 for the individual income earner) for 2024, as long as they do so by April 15. So there is still time for married couples to make spousal IRA contributions and double their tax-advantaged retirement savings—just be sure to specify which spouse the contribution is for when sending funds to your IRA provider.

With a little planning, a spousal IRA strategy can significantly boost your households’ retirement funds. And you can get an immediate tax deduction on your taxes if you make the contributions prior to tax day—so don’t leave this tax break on the table.

Is YouTube Premium Lite Worth the Savings?

YouTube’s recent price hike has clearly left a hole in the market. If you want a fully ad-free YouTube experience, you currently need to pay $13.99/month (up from $11.99) or use a third-party workaround. But now, YouTube has a compromise. The service’s new Premium Lite plan comes in at $7.99/month ($6 cheaper) and is supposed to block ads on most, but not all, content.

With YouTube Premium Lite, YouTube won’t show ads on popular categories of long form video, like gaming, fashion, beauty, news, and more. That’s a bit vague, but in a video with Johanna Voolich, YouTube’s Chief Product Officer, she says this means that all “core creator content“, including podcasts, gaming streams, and makeup tutorials will all be ad-free.

The catch is that other content, like music and music videos, won’t be. That said, I am curious where the line between “core creator” content starts and stops—it’ll take some time before subscribers really test the boundaries of this system. What if a smaller creator has a gaming video that doesn’t get flagged as being part of YouTube Gaming?

Missing features

YouTube Premium vs YouTube Premium Lite.

Credit: YouTube

Aside from ad-free play, the cheaper plan misses out on two other big Premium features. Namely, you won’t get offline downloads or background play. There’s no access to YouTube Music either, since that would give you ad-free listening.

YouTube Premium Lite is designed for people who want to watch creator-uploaded long form content in peace, without ads, and who don’t care about supplemental features or YouTube spin-offs. If you instead prefer to watch offline or like listening to long podcasts in the background or have playlists saved in YouTube Music, the $13.99/month YouTube Premium plan will probably still be more up your alley.

YouTube is rolling this out as a pilot test program in the US, so how the subscription works might change in the future. The company plans to expand the testing to Thailand, Germany, and Australia in coming weeks.

Apple’s Best New Chipset Isn’t the M4 Max

Aside from the launch of the sky blue M4-powered MacBook Air, this week’s flurry of Apple announcements saw the introduction of the most powerful Apple silicon desktop processor yet. Given Apple’s numbering scheme for its own chipsets, you’d think that would be one with an M4 label attached, but it’s actually the M3 Ultra, which will power the newest Mac Studio.

Since Apple started releasing its own chipsets with the M designation, we’ve seen a variety of different labels attached. First came the standard processor, then the Pro, then the Max, and then the Ultra, with performance improving with each iteration. We’re now up to the M4 Max and the M3 Ultra.

When preordering directly from Apple, you can fit the latest Mac Studio with either the M4 Max or the M3 Ultra, but the latter’s superior capabilities are evident in the pricing: The starting price of an M3 Ultra Mac Studio is double that of an M4 Max Mac Studio.

Apple Mac Studio
The M3 Ultra is available in the new Mac Studio.
Credit: Apple

Here’s what’s going on: As with previous generation chipsets with the Ultra moniker, the M3 Ultra is essentially two M3 Max processors fused together and appearing as one, using a technique Apple calls UltraFusion. You’re basically getting twice the performance: This piece of silicon features an incredible 184 billion transistors.

So many cores

Here are some more stats: The M3 Ultra offers up to 32 CPU cores (compared to 24 on its most comparable predecessor, the M2 Ultra. It sports up to 80 CPU cores (compared to 76 on the M2 Ultra), 32 neural cores (the same as the M2 Ultra), support for up to 512GB of memory (compared to 192GB on the M2 Ultra), and up to 819GB/s of memory bandwidth (compared to 800GB/s). Overall, performance is around 1.5x of the Apple M2 Ultra.

While the M2 Ultra chipset is the direct forebear to the M3 Ultra, if you’re buying a Mac Studio, you’ll be choosing between the M3 Ultra to the M4 Max—the latter being the processor that launched last year with the refreshed MacBook Pros. The M4 Max gives you up to 16 CPU cores, up to 40 GPU cores, 16 neural cores, support for up to 128GB of memory, and up to 546GB/s of memory bandwidth.

One of the benefits of the M3 Ultra supporting so much RAM—more than half a terabyte—is that users can run more powerful AI models locally, on their own machines. A Mac Studio with an M3 Ultra inside should have enough oomph to run something like DeepSeek R1 locally, without having to connect to servers in China.

M4 Max vs M3 Ultra
Apple’s two latest chipsets, compared.
Credit: Apple

The M3 Ultra also comes with a Thunderbolt 5 upgrade, doubling the maximum data transfer rates from Thunderbolt 4, up to 120Gb/s. This means you can even link multiple Mac Studios together (if you’ve got the budget for them), while the display engine on the M3 Ultra is capable of driving more than 160 million pixels—the equivalent of eight Pro Display XDRs.

“M3 Ultra is the pinnacle of our scalable system-on-a-chip architecture, aimed specifically at users who run the most heavily threaded and bandwidth-intensive applications,” says Johny Srouji, a senior vice president of hardware technologies at Apple.

And what of the M4 Ultra? Apple hasn’t said anything about it yet, but intimated to Ars Technica that it might not add an Ultra model this time around. That would make the M4 series the first to go without an Ultra variant, but as these super-powerful, super-expensive chipsets are only of interest to those with the most demanding needs and the deepest pockets, less frequent launches may be the most logical course of action.

This Subscription-Free Indoor Camera Is $27 Right Now

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If you need an extra set of eyes at home without spending a lot, the TP-Link Kasa KC410S indoor security camera is currently down to $26.99 from its usual $44.99.

You can swivel the KC410S 360 degrees horizontally and 113 degrees vertically for full-room coverage and motion tracking (though its pan and tilt controls can reportedly feel a bit jerky at times). As for its video quality, it delivers clear 2K footage during the day, with vibrant colors and good detail, but its nighttime performance depends on ambient light—if there isn’t enough, its Starlight sensor struggles, leaving the image dark and washed out. That said, according to this PCMag review, its black-and-white infrared night vision is crisp and well-lit.

The KC410S also has sound and motion alerts, pushing notifications to your phone when it detects movement or a loud noise (intelligently differentiating between people and general motion, so you’re not getting spammed with alerts every time the AC kicks on). However, if you want to store video recordings, you’ll need to buy a microSD card (up to 256GB) or subscribe to Kasa Care. The Plus plan costs $3 per month for a single camera and gives you 30 days of video history, manual clip recording, and activity notifications with screenshots. If you have multiple cameras, the Premium plan, at $10 per month, supports up to 10 cameras and unlocks all features. Inserting a microSD card also lets you keep the camera running 24/7, regardless of motion or sound detection, if you prefer a continuous recording mode,

The Kasa Smart app gives you full control over the camera, letting you view live footage, talk through the built-in mic, adjust motion sensitivity, enable night vision, and set patrol routes, among others. It integrates seamlessly with other TP-Link Kasa smart devices but doesn’t support Apple HomeKit. It does, however, work with Alexa and Google Assistant, so voice commands are still on the table. For a slightly higher price, the eufy Security Indoor Cam E220 ($34.99, down from $54.99) offers another solid indoor security camera with a high-res option.

Download This Tax Prep Checklist for Stress-Free Filing

Tax season can reduce even the most organized individuals to stressed-out procrastinators. And if you’re anything like me, you’re not exactly the most organized individual in the first place. The complexity of gathering documents, understanding deductions, and meeting deadlines creates anxiety that many of us dread each year. But with a well-designed tax preparation checklist, I’ve been able to turn my taxes into a manageable (maybe even even satisfying?) task well before the April 15 deadline. Here’s how you can, too.

A tax preparation checklist serves as your personalized roadmap through the filing process. Luckily, I’ve create this template to get you started. It includes sections for personal information, income documentation, deductions and credits, a tax preparation timeline, and a final verification check-list. All you need to do is to download it or make a copy in Google Docs for your own use. Here’s how to make the most of this checklist, or build your own from scratch.

Gather personal information

Start with the basics. Your checklist should include spaces to confirm you have:

  • Social Security numbers for yourself, spouse, and dependents

  • Birth dates for all dependents

  • Last year’s tax return (helpful for reference)

  • Bank account and routing numbers for direct deposit

Identify your income sources

List all potential income sources to ensure nothing gets missed:

  • W-2 forms from employers

  • 1099 forms for self-employment, investments, etc.

  • Income records from gig work or side hustles

  • Alimony received

  • Rental property income

  • Social Security benefits

  • Unemployment compensation

Document potential deductions

This section often represents the biggest opportunity for tax savings:

  • Homeownership documents (mortgage interest, property taxes)

  • Educational expenses (tuition, student loan interest)

  • Medical expenses exceeding threshold amounts

  • Charitable donations with receipts

  • Business expenses for self-employed individuals

  • Retirement contributions

  • Childcare expenses

Organize by timeline

Structure your checklist with time-based sections:

  • January: Collect arriving tax documents (W-2s, 1099s).

  • February: Organize receipts and deduction documentation.

  • March: Schedule appointment with tax professional or prepare software.

  • April: Complete final review and file.

Include verification steps

Add verification checkpoints to ensure accuracy:

  • Compare this year’s return to last year’s for consistency.

  • Double-check math and entries.

  • Verify all Social Security numbers.

  • Confirm all required forms are signed.

  • Make copies of everything for your records.

Making the most of your tax prep checklist

While the template provides a comprehensive starting point, your personal tax situation may require additional items. Customize your checklist so that it suits your tax needs. Review last year’s return to identify recurring items specific to your finances.

Digital vs. physical organization

Choose the system that works best for you:

  • Digital: Use a spreadsheet, note-taking app, or dedicated tax software.

  • Physical: Create a folder system with labeled sections for each category.

  • Hybrid: Scan physical documents and organize them in digital folders.

Begin early

The biggest tax preparation mistake is waiting until the last minute. Begin organizing as soon as all your documents first arrive, and you’ll avoid the mid-April stress entirely.

Review and improve annually

After filing, take a few minutes to note what worked well and what didn’t. Add a “Notes for Next Year” section to your checklist to remember adjustments needed for the coming tax season.

The bottom line

A personalized tax preparation checklist transforms tax filing from a dreaded chore into a methodical process. By breaking down the complex task into manageable steps, you’ll not only reduce stress, but potentially identify additional deductions you might otherwise miss.

Again, here’s my downloadable template for you. Feel free to add or remove items based on your financial circumstances and filing requirements. With this system in place, you’ll be able to approach tax season with confidence rather than anxiety.

15 of the Best Movies About Sticking It to Massive Corporations (Including ‘Erin Brockovich’)

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Corporations are a driving force behind almost every part of American life—including the movies we watch. It sometimes feels like they hold all the power, and, actually, they kinda do. But if the power of capitalism can’t be overcome, it can at least be checked once in a while. And it can be extremely satisfying to watch a crusader standing up for the rest of us.

Here are 15 movies about heroes defying big corporations, most of them at least inspired by true events. Usually, reality is at least as wild as what made it to the screen. As The Constant Gardener author John le Carré observed in the afterward to (and the end credits of the film adaptation of) his almost entirely fictional novel:

Nobody in this story, and no outfit or corporation, thank God, is based upon an actual person or outfit in the real world. But I can tell you this. As my journey through the pharmaceutical jungle progressed, I came to realize that, by comparison with the reality, my story was as tame as a holiday postcard.


Erin Brokovich (2000)

Real life provides plenty of examples of individuals standing up to corporations—with varying degrees of success. This is one of the more inspiring ones: Steven Soderbergh’s crowd-pleasing legal drama was a box office triumph and an Oscar season contender, and it made a star of its titular real life activist. Julia Roberts plays Brokovich, who in 1993 was an unemployed single mother who couldn’t keep out of her own way. Given a pity job as a paralegal by the man who served as her lawyer in an injury case, she stumbles onto some troubling medical documents while researching a real estate case. It soon becomes clear that Pacific Gas and Electric Company is hiding something in Hinkley, California—specifically, they’ve been dumping chromium-contaminated waste into several ponds around the town, and cancer incidents are way up in the region. It’s here that Erin’s dogged determination (and utter refusal to keep her mouth shut ,even when she’d be better off to do so) come in tremendously handy for the people of Hinkley, who now have an unlikely champion. You can stream Erin Brokovich on Netflix or rent it from Prime Video.


Dark Waters (2019)

Dark Waters, from director Todd Haynes, kicks off with farmers discovering that their livestock are dying by the hundreds from exposure to waste in the water produced by a local DuPont chemical plant—which is just the beginning, as cancer rates among humans are also unexpectedly high. Mark Ruffalo stars as lawyer Robert Bilott, who takes on the farmers’ case. It’s based on the New York Times Magazine article “The Lawyer Who Became DuPont’s Worst Nightmare” by Nathaniel Rich, and Haynes and company do a masterful job of dramatizing the high-stakes legal battle, as well as the problem of buy-in—parties to the legal action become pariahs in their community because many would rather take their chances with cancer than risk losing a big employer. This all happened within the last decade, so many of the issues related to so-called “forever chemicals” (those that never leave the bloodstream once exposed) are very much ongoing, and will only become more prominent in the current era of deregulation. You can rent Dark Waters from Prime Video.


The Insider (1999)

Michael Mann’s account of tobacco industry shenanigans did only middling business at the box office, but nonetheless earned seven Oscar nominations—including one for Best Picture. It comes at the story from a smart, sideways angle: The focus is on the 60 Minutes piece that broke wide open the story of big tobacco’s malfeasance over the risks of smoking—a story that made clear that these companies knew the true dangers of smoking, and lied about it to keep their customers addicted. In the movie’s largely accurate telling, CBS producer Lowell Bergman (Al Pacino) coaxes former tobacco-company chemist Dr. Jeffrey Wigand (Russell Crowe) to reveal what he knows, only to face pushback from fearful executives and threats from the tobacco industry. The narrative makes clear the high cost of telling even the most straightforward of truths. You can stream The Insider on The Criterion Channel or rent it from Prime Video.


Even the Rain (2011)

In 1999, a group of investors lead by the American company Bechtel invested in a dam near Cochabamba, Bolivia. The thus contained water was then sold back to the locals at vastly higher rates. The resulting protests saw tens of thousands of people take to the streets. In director Icíar Bollaín’s wildly ambitious film-within-a-film, a crew, led by director Sebastián (Gael García Bernal), comes to Cochabamba to make a movie based on Christopher Columbus’ first voyage. His thoughtless executive producer Costa (Luis Tosar)stirs up trouble with his lack of consideration for the locals as the water protests simmer in the background. Weaving in themes that consider the long history of colonization, the film isn’t shy about drawing clear lines between past and present. You can stream Even the Rain on Netflix.


Into the Weeds (2022)

The jury is still out, I suppose, on the risks of glycophosphate (a prime ingredient in Monsanto’s herbicide Roundup) in typical doses, but there’s nevertheless much to cheer in Dewayne “Lee” Johnson’s case against the chemical company. A school groundskeeper in California, Johnson was exposed to hundreds of gallons of the stuff over the years. He was diagnosed with a terminal case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 42, and as this documentary reveals, Johnson won his case against the chemical giant—an extremely rare victory that, if even in only a small way, put these companies on notice. You can stream Into the Woods on Hoopla or rent it from Prime Video.


The Constant Gardener (2005)

Ralph Fiennes stars as Justin Quayle, a British diplomat in Kenya, trying to solve the murder of his wife Tessa (Rachel Weisz, who won an Oscar for the role), an Amnesty International activist. It seems that Tessa had been investigating the deaths related to drug trials around something called Dypraxa. The movie alternates between the harrowing investigation and the story of the development of the relationship between the two. An adaptation of the John le Carré, both book and film were inspired by a Pfizer drug trial in Nigeria in 1996 that left 11 children dead. You can rent The Constant Gardener from Prime Video.


The Informant! (2009)

Nearly a decade after Erin Brockovich, Steven Soderbergh took on another real-life whistleblower, this time puncturing the self-importance and self-seriousness of white-collar criminals with a dose of dark comedy. (As we ought to have learned by now, capitalism rewards the goofy and dumb at least as often as it does those with half a brain.) Matt Damon plays corporate executive Mark Whitacre, who confesses to a couple of FBI agents (Scott Bakula and Joel McHale) about his involvement in a scheme to fix the price of commercial livestock-related chemical lysine. Whitacre gets increasingly loopy during his time wearing a wire for the Feds, a period during which his various other infractions come out. Oh, and during which he also embezzles a ton of money from the company he’s purportedly trying to expose. You can stream The informant! on Prime Video.


Radium Girls (2018)

A fictionalized account of the real-life radium girls (oddly, it’s not based on Kate Moore’s nonfiction bestseller of the same name), this film follows Josephine and Betty Cavallo, sisters employed painting watch dials at an “American Radium” factory in New Jersey. In real life, radium workers were often called “ghost girls” for the ways in which the radium they worked with made their clothes and hair glow. Workers were assured the radioactive element was entirely safe, and even encouraged to lick their brushes to make the points finer for painting clocks and watches. In real life, much as in the movie, it was the United States Radium Corp. that fought to keep the truth about the dangers of radium from coming out, blaming illnesses and deaths on syphilis long after it was clear what was happening. The back half of Radium Girls dives into the famous court case that resulted, one that wasn’t entirely a triumph at the time but that did pave the way for the creation of OSHA and other safety reforms that protected workers for decades—until very recently. You can rent Radium Girls on Prime Video.


Michael Clayton (2007)

A legal drama with a bit of extra swagger, Michael Clayton is from writer/director Tony Gilroy, the filmmaker who wrote and/or directed most of the Bourne movies. It manages to be just as thrilling, if in an entirely different way. George Clooney stars as the eponymous fixer, working at a major law firm finding legal loop holes that will benefit clients—until he starts to develop a conscience after discovering that his firm is working to clear a path for an agricultural chemical concern to escape the consequences of knowingly selling a cancer-causing weedkiller. The drama and action are on point, as following Clayton as he is hunted by chemical industry goons. It earned seven Academy Award nominations, including for one for Best Picture. You can stream Michael Clayton on Prime Video.


Harlan County, USA (1976)

Filmed as its history unfolded, Barbara Kopple’s essential documentary chronicles what became known as the “Brookside Strike” against the owners of the Brookside Mine and Prep Plant in Harlan County, Kentucky. Kopple’s original intent was to create a film about efforts to unseat the wildly corrupt leader of the United Mine Workers of America union at the time, W.A. Boyle, who seemed to many to be in the pockets of the mine owners (he was later convicted of conspiracy in the murders of a reformist opponent’s entire family). That explosive story turned out to be a side-note to the brutal, bloody, violent opposition faced by the striking mineworkers and their families. These workers were no pushovers when it came to their rights and mine safety; nor were their wives and mothers. It’s a throwback to an era when what we might call the “white working class” (though it was not exclusively white) would still fight fiercely against government and corporate greed. You can stream Harlan County USA on Max and The Criterion Channel.


North Country (2005)

Though occasionally a bit formulaic, there’s no faulting North Country for its ability to rouse, at least in moments, nor for its acting: both Charlize Theron and Frances McDormand earned Oscar nominations for their roles. While fictionalized, the film is based on the nonfiction book Class Action, by Clara Bingham and Laura Leedy Gansler, which examines Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Co., the first-ever class-action sexual harassment lawsuit in the U.S., which took place in 1989. Theron plays Josey Aimes, who moves back to her hometown in northern Minnesota and takes a well-paying job in the local iron mine at the behest of an old acquaintance (McDormand). No rabble-rouser, Aimes nonetheless immediately sees how women at the mine are treated: Their skills are dismissed, and they’re viewed as low-cost replacements for more deserving men. What’s more, sexual harassment and even sexual assault are daily occurrences. With the (initially reluctant) backing of the local union, Aimes takes the mine to court on behalf of all the women workers, facing down a massive company more than willing to make an issue of her own sex life. You can stream North Country on Hoopla or rent it from Prime Video.


Philadelphia (1993)

Andrew Beckett isn’t a traditional “little guy,” instead a successful senior associate at a major corporate law firm in Philly. He’s also gay and closeted, and starts displaying lesions (Kaposi’s sarcoma, specifically) related to the AIDS diagnosis that he’s been concealing. When he’s fired with little reason given, he hires Joe Miller (Denzel Washington), one of the few lawyers who will take his wrongful termination suit. There were few mainstream films about about the darkest days of the first HIV/AIDS crisis (and we’re living through another, as effective treatments and miracle preventatives have become increasingly scarce and unaffordable), and none had more cultural impact than this all-star legal drama. It’s based loosely on the real-life case of attorney Geoffrey Bowers and his own lawyer, Clarence Cain, who took on the law firm Baker McKenzie under similar circumstances, though the Hollywood version has a somewhat happier end—Bowers’ own case wasn’t settled until eight years after his death. You can rent Philadelphia from Prime Video.


The Rainmaker (1997)

Matt Damon stars in this John Grisham adaptation, directed by Francis Ford Coppola, as Rudy S. Baylor, a poor kid who just barely made it through law school only to find himself in a profession that mostly makes him uncomfortable—not helped by the fact that his first boss is a smarmy con man played by Mickey Rourke. Convinced by scrappy paralegal Deck Shifflet (Danny DeVito) to join him in a little storefront operation, the two take on three cases around which the movie revolves, but the emotional core is in the one about a kid with cancer whose treatment his insurance company refuses to fund. It quickly becomes clear that Donny’s life can’t be saved, but there’s hope that the insurance company can be forced to treat him like a person and not a line item anyway. It’s still timely, except for the “hope” part. You can stream The Rainmaker on Pluto TV or rent it from Prime Video.


Salt of the Earth (1954)

Once of the first films that we’d recognize as independent in the modern sense (the writer, director, and producer were all blacklisted), Salt of the Earth was suppressed and dismissed as propaganda for its wild, still controversial propositions that racism is bad, women should maybe have some rights, and working conditions ought not be awful. Commie nonsense, to be sure, but presented not without dramatic flair. Based on a real 1951 strike, the movie is set in “Zinc Town, New Mexico” among mostly Mexican-American miners who are agitating for better working conditions—at least as good as those of their white counterparts. The strikers are arrested and the strike is put down by use of the real, and then recent, Taft-Hartley Act, the nation’s most significant anti-union legislation (it’s still in force, by the way). A loophole allows the miners’ wives to march in their places, and the movement is lead by Esperanza Quintero (Rosaura Revueltas), the spouse of a jailed striker. You can stream Salt of the Earth on MGM+, Tubi, Pluto TV, and Prime Video.


The China Syndrome (1979)

The Meryl Streep-starring Silkwood, the acclaimed film based on the real-life case of a nuclear whistleblower, isn’t streaming or digitally rentable anywhere (conspiracy!), but The China Syndrome isn’t a terrible substitute. Jane Fonda plays a reporter who begins to smell something fishy at the Ventana nuclear power plant, the owners of which are handing out radiographs that don’t make much sense. It turns out there’s a leak that they can’t be bothered to fix, and rather than shelling out that money, they’re putting out faked test results suggesting that all is fine, and surely the tragic accidents that befall anyone who considers speaking up are mere coincidences. Nuclear industry executives were initially livid at the suggestion that anything could ever go wrong at one of their plants, but got much quieter 12 days later, when the Three Mile Island nuclear accident occurred in Pennsylvania. Jane Fonda and Jack Lemmon both earned Oscar nominations for their performances. You can rent The China Syndrome from Prime Video.

Five Reasons You Might Qualify for Lower Car Insurance Premiums

Like homeowners insurance, auto insurance is getting significantly more expensive: Data show that policy costs rose 11% last year, likely due to factors like climate change, rising accident rates, and higher repair costs. Under certain circumstances, you may be able to offset or at least keep your car insurance premium stable, if not reduce it.

If you go through any of the following life changes, it may be time to call your insurance company about lowering your policy premium.

You’ve moved

A move is a major life transition—and one that could impact your auto insurance policy for the better in a few ways. First, insurers factor where you park your car into your rate, so living in a lower density or safer neighborhood can potentially save you some money. Moving also gives you the chance to bundle your renters or homeowners insurance policy with your auto policy if you haven’t already, which typically reduces the cost of both. Finally, moving can change your driving habits, which we’ll get into next.

You’re driving less

Let’s say your move has put your closer to work, or you’ve changed jobs or begun working remotely more frequently, or another shift in your routine has cut the number of miles you drive on a regular basis. Insurance companies consider annual mileage when calculating premiums, so a significant drop could save you some money.

Your family size has changed

If you’ve had a teenager on your policy who now has their own vehicle or own policy and no longer lives at home, removing them from yours can save you a significant amount of money on your premiums (potentially cutting the cost by half). On the flip side, combining your policy with a new spouse’s could reduce the cost per person.

You’ve taken a defensive driving course

One of the many discounts available on auto insurance is for taking a defensive driving course—in fact, some states require insurers to offer this discount. Typically, these discounts are good for several years before you need to retake the class. Discounts range from 5% to 20% off your premium.

Your coverage is about to renew (or expire)

Re-upping your policy won’t save you money specifically, but it is a good time to call your current insurer about options for reducing your premium as well as to shop around for cheaper options.

Other ways to lower your car insurance premium

Even if you don’t have a life change that could qualify you for a lower insurance premium, there are other ways to reduce the cost of your policy:

  • Increase your deductible: Raising your deductible (the amount you’ll pay out of pocket before your policy kicks in) can lower your premium. Most policies have a $500 deductible, but bumping that up to $1,000 can potentially save you 25% on your policy cost, according to Consumer Reports. However, you’ll want to consider whether you have an emergency fund to cover the added potential cost.

  • Decrease certain types of coverage: Collision and comprehensive coverage may be optional in your state, and dropping one or both can reduce your policy premium. Collision may be an unnecessary expense if your car’s value is especially low (and if your premium is more than 10% of that value).

  • Ask about discounts: Many insurers offer policy discounts for things like setting up autopay or paperless statements, paying your premium upfront, maintaining a clean driving record, and bundling with other policies.

  • Drive a cheaper car: This may not be a change you can make immediately, but when you’re in the market for a vehicle, consider a make and model that’s cheaper to insure.

  • Look for usage-based policies: Usage-based insurance calibrates your policy to your real-life driving habits, so low-risk drivers pay less. However, this typically requires you to have a tracking app that sends data to your insurance company, which raises privacy concerns, and risky driving can actually increase your policy cost.

This Simple Text Document Could Replace Your Calendar App

Gina Trapani, founder of the website you’re reading right now, popularized a plaintext format for to-do lists way back in 2006 (please excuse any weird formatting on that nearly 20-year-old article). Called Todo.txt, it is used by many people to this day, in part thanks to an ecosystem of applications built around the format.

I recently stumbled on Calendar.txt, by author and teacher Tero Karvinen. It’s a text document based on a similar philosophy—a stripped down, just-the-basics take on your overloaded calendar app. It’s a concept worth considering. We’re at least a decade into the “using a separate app for everything” era, and sure, a lot of those apps are pretty great. I’ve spent years recommending software-based tools for everything from managing tasks to making drinks, and I don’t plan to stop anytime soon.

But not everyone needs a bespoke app for everything they do. Productivity is personal, and everyone has different needs. I’ve known several highly technically competent people who still use paper day planners to track their appointments and tasks—a simple notebook is flexible in a way that no app can match.

One line of text per day

I view plaintext tools like Calendar.txt in a similar light. This specific tool is about as simple as it gets: It uses one line of text for every day. You can download a pre-made file with lines for dates that stretches through the year 2033, or you can just make your own.

Every line starts with the date, followed by the week number, followed by a three-letter week name. The idea is that you write your appointments after that, by simply writing the time, followed by the name of the event. Events are simply added, in order, to the line.

So, for example, a line for today, with one appointment/task (me cleaning the house this afternoon) would look like this:


2025-03-06 w10 Thu 14 cleaning the house


There are many shortcomings to this approach. There’s no built-in tool for reminding you of events, for one thing, and there’s no way to invite others to your appointment. But this simple approach might work for you.

And, as todo.txt demonstrated two decades ago, there are benefits to using plaintext files. Plaintext is versatile, can be opened on any device, and your files won’t disappear because some software company decides it wanted to change its priorities. If you’re familiar with the command line, you can use existing tools in all kinds of interesting ways. For example, the calendar.txt documentation shows how you can use grep, a tool for searching text documents, to pull up today’s appointments:


grep 2025-03-06 calendar.txt


You could use the same command to search for events by the day.

A Mac terminal. The command "grep 2025-03-06 calendar.txt" pulls up the appointments for that day: "2025-03-06 w10 Thu 14 cleaning the house"

Credit: Justin Pot

Again, this approach won’t seem useful to everyone—especially if you never open the command prompt—but not every tool needs to be for every user. Only you can decide which tools work best for you.