Category Archives: Unfiltered RSS

How to Hash a File on Linux

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Hashing files is a critical process in the realm of data integrity and security. In this article, we will discuss how to hash a specific file, linuxconfig.txt, using various hashing algorithms available in Linux. Additionally, we will explore how to restore the file based on its hash, ensuring you can verify its integrity over time.

Goldman Sachs: Why AI Spending Is Not Boosting GDP

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Goldman Sachs, in a research note Thursday (the note isn’t publicly posted): Annualized revenue for public companies exposed to the build-out of AI infrastructure increased by over $340 billion from 2022 through 2024Q4 (and is projected to increase by almost $580 billion by end-2025). In contrast, annualized real investment in AI-related categories in the US GDP accounts has only risen by $42 billion over the same period. This sharp divergence has prompted questions from investors about why US GDP is not receiving a larger boost from AI.

A large share of the nominal revenue increase reported by public companies reflects cost inflation (particularly for semiconductors) and foreign revenue, neither of which should boost real US GDP. Indeed, we find that margin expansion ($30 billion) and increased revenue from other countries ($130 billion) account for around half of the publicly reported AI spending surge.

That said, the BEA’s (Bureau of Economic Analysis) methodology potentially understates the impact of AI-related investment on real GDP by around $100 billion. Manufacturing shipments and net imports imply that US semiconductor supply has increased by over $35 billion since 2022, but the BEA records semiconductor purchases as intermediate inputs rather than investment (since semiconductors have historically been embedded in products that are later resold) and therefore excludes them from GDP. Cloud services used to train and support AI models are similarly mostly recorded as intermediate inputs.

Combined, we find that these explanations can explain most of the AI investment discrepancy, with only $50 billion unexplained. Looking ahead, we see more scope for AI-related investment to provide a moderate boost to real US GDP in 2025 since AI investment should broaden to categories like data centers, servers and networking hardware, and utilities that will likely be captured as real investment. However, we expect the bulk of investment in semiconductors and cloud computing will remain unmeasured barring changes to US national account methodology.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Utah Passes First US App Store Age Verification Law

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Utah has become the first U.S. state to pass legislation requiring app store operators to verify users’ ages and obtain parental consent for minors downloading apps.

The App Store Accountability Act adds to a wave of children’s online safety bills advancing through state legislatures nationwide. Similar legislation has faced legal challenges, with many being blocked in courts. A comparable federal bill failed last year amid free expression concerns.

The approach shifts verification responsibility to mobile app stores rather than individual websites, a move supported by Meta, Snap, and X in a joint statement urging Congress to follow suit. “Parents want a one-stop shop to verify their child’s age and grant permission,” they stated. Critics, including Chamber of Progress, warn the law threatens privacy and constitutional rights. A federal judge previously blocked a similar Utah law over First Amendment concerns.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Amazon Tests AI Dubbing on Prime Video Movies, Series

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Amazon has launched a pilot program testing “AI-aided dubbing” for select content on Prime Video, offering translations between English and Latin American Spanish for 12 licensed movies and series including “El Cid: La Leyenda,” “Mi Mama Lora” and “Long Lost.” The company describes a hybrid approach where “localization professionals collaborate with AI,” suggesting automated dubbing receives professional editing for accuracy. The initiative, the company said, aims to increase content accessibility as streaming services expand globally.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Utah is poised to pass an age verification law for app stores

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Utah has once again passed a bill that attempts to place new limits on children’s ability to access social media and other apps. The state legislature passed a bill that requires app store makers to verify the ages of users and get parental consent for the downloading of apps. Should the governor sign the bill into law, it would be (as The Verge points out) the first such measure in the country.

The Beehive State has previously attempted to restrict how children can use social media. The state passed two laws in 2023 that imposed age verification and parental permission requirements onto social media companies. Those laws were later revised amid legal challenges, and a Utah judge blocked them from taking effect last fall.

The “App Store Accountability Act” takes a different approach. It puts the burden on app stores (namely, Apple and Google) to conduct age verification and parental permission rather than individual social media platforms. Unsurprisingly, Meta and other social media companies have long preferred the app store-centric approach to age verification.

On Wednesday, Meta, Snap and X issued a rare joint statement praising the Utah measure. “Parents want a one-stop shop to verify their child’s age and grant permission for them to download apps in a privacy-preserving way,” the companies said. “The app store is the best place for it, and more than a quarter of states have introduced bills recognizing the central role app stores play. We applaud Utah for putting parents in charge with its landmark legislation and urge Congress to follow suit.”

Apple and Google so far haven’t publicly weighed in on Utah’s bill, though we’ve reached out to both for comment.

Given the controversy surrounding previous attempts to impose age verification requirements on platforms, the Utah bill will likely face legal challenges if and when it’s signed into law. Even so, other states are likely to follow Utah’s lead on this issue. At least eight more states are considering similar measures.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/big-tech/utah-is-poised-to-pass-an-age-verification-law-for-app-stores-000542476.html?src=rss

Will the future of software development run on vibes?

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For many people, coding is about telling a computer what to do and having the computer perform those precise actions repeatedly. With the rise of AI tools like ChatGPT, it’s now possible for someone to describe a program in English and have the AI model translate it into working code without ever understanding how the code works. Former OpenAI researcher Andrej Karpathy recently gave this practice a name—”vibe coding”—and it’s gaining traction in tech circles.

The technique, enabled by large language models (LLMs) from companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, has attracted attention for potentially lowering the barrier to entry for software creation. But questions remain about whether the approach can reliably produce code suitable for real-world applications, even as tools like Cursor Composer, GitHub Copilot, and Replit Agent make the process increasingly accessible to non-programmers.

Instead of being about control and precision, vibe coding is all about surrendering to the flow. On February 2, Karpathy introduced the term in a post on X, writing, “There’s a new kind of coding I call ‘vibe coding,’ where you fully give in to the vibes, embrace exponentials, and forget that the code even exists.” He described the process in deliberately casual terms: “I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy paste stuff, and it mostly works.”

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Google is Adding More AI Overviews and a New ‘AI Mode’ To Search

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Google announced Wednesday it is expanding its AI Overviews to more query types and users worldwide, including those not logged into Google accounts, while introducing a new “AI Mode” chatbot feature. AI Mode, which resembles competitors like Perplexity or ChatGPT Search, will initially be limited to Google One AI Premium subscribers who enable it through the Labs section of Search.

The feature delivers AI-generated answers with supporting links interspersed throughout, powered by Google’s search index. “What we’re finding from people who are using AI Overviews is that they’re really bringing different kinds of questions to Google,” said Robby Stein, VP of product on the Search team. “They’re more complex questions, that may have been a little bit harder before.” Google is also upgrading AI Overviews with its Gemini 2.0 model, which Stein says will improve responses for math, coding and reasoning-based queries.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Everything Apple announced since its last event

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Apple used to treat every public-facing announcement like an event. Even its keynotes — ostensibly for investors and press — were well-orchestrated circuses. If there’s any conclusion to be drawn from the sheer number of new products the company’s launched without any kind of event since the iPhone 16 series was introduced six months ago, the time for hanging on Apple’s every word has passed. 

Some of it can be chalked up to the company’s new preference for recorded, highly-edited video presentations rather than live shows. Some of it might also have to do with the fact that since Apple started making the chips that power its smartphones, tablets and computers, most of the “new” things it introduces amount to spec bumps. Apple’s managed to announce eight new products since the iPhone 16, nine if you count a new chip that debuted in one of the company’s updated desktop computers. Here’s a look at all of that new hardware, from Apple’s most recent releases to the new computers it used to close out 2024. 

A M4 MacBook Air running Civilization 7.
Apple

The MacBook Air is one of Apple’s most popular laptops, so it’s only natural it should get the latest M4 chip. Luckily, that extra power didn’t come at the cost of a more expensive computer. A 13-inch MacBook Air now starts at $999, with the 15-inch model coming in at $1,199, down from the $1,099 you used to have to pay to get an M3 MacBook Air. The new laptops also come with an improved 12MP Center Stage webcam, and a new metallic color option Apple’s dubbed “Sky Blue.” It’s not the most exciting announcement, but a new laptop that’s twice as powerful as Apple’s M1 computers for a lower price is welcome all the same.

A Mac Studio with M3 Ultra next to a Studio Display.
Apple

Apple’s update to the Mac Studio, announced alongside the MacBook Air, is even more of a pure spec bump. No cosmetic changes were made to the Studio: The short and stout computer still has USB ports and an SD card reader on the front, with even more I/O options available on the back. What’s different are the chips powering the Mac Studio on the inside. Apple offers either an M4 Max with a 16-core CPU and 40-core GPU or new M3 Ultra chip, which gives the Studio enough wiggle room to handle most professional creative workloads. With the M4 Max you can get up to 128GB of unified memory but if you opt for the M3 Ultra, that can go all the way up to 512GB. All of that power will cost you, though. The Mac Studio with the M4 Max starts at $1,999, while the M3 Ultra version starts at $3,999.

A graphic of the M3 Ultra chip.
Apple

The M3 Ultra is the truly novel part of the Mac Studio update. The late-arriving chip fills the top spot in Apple’s M3 lineup, with a 32-core CPU (24 of which are performance cores), up to a 80-core GPU and a 32-core Neural Engine. Apple claims the M3 Ultra is over two times as powerful as the M1 Ultra, likely because it’s technically two M3 Max chips connected together with the company’s “Ultrafusion” architecture. The new chip also supports Thunderbolt 5 for faster connectivity and specced with up to 512GB of unified memory. Currently, the M3 Ultra is only available on the Mac Studio, which oddly leaves the Mac Pro out of the loop. It’s possible Apple’s most expensive Mac will be updated soon, or maybe there’s an even more powerful chip waiting in the wings.

A side view of an M3 iPad Air on a new Magic Keyboard.
Apple

The same week Apple updated the MacBook Air and Mac Studio, it also tweaked the iPad Air, giving the 11- or 13-inch tablet a new M3 chip, and an updated version of the Magic Keyboard with a function row and a slightly larger trackpad. The iPad Air was already capable of Apple Intelligence and plenty fast with the M2 chip it received in 2024, so Apple’s announcement mainly keeps it competitive, unless you’re interested in ray-tracing, which admittedly is offered in some console games that have been ported to the iPad. The new iPad Air starts at $599, while the new Magic Keyboard starts at $260, and strangely, only comes in white.

A entry-level iPad running a drawing app.
Apple

Apple’s changes to the entry-level iPad are even smaller. It’s been upgraded from an A14 Bionic chip to an A16, which means the tablet is faster, but still not capable of Apple Intelligence. The new tablet also starts with a larger amount of storage. Rather than the frankly dismal 64GB Apple used to offer at the low-end, you now can’t get an iPad without at least 128GB of storage. That’s not bad, even for Apple’s slightly expensive $349 starting price. Still, besides acting as the go-to option for families looking to buy a tablet for their kids or grandparents, Apple’s basic iPad mainly seems like a way to drive people to a more expensive option.

A white iPhone 16e laying facedown on a table.
Brian Oh for Engadget

The wait for a replacement to the 2022 iPhone SE was long, and as it turns out, the direction Apple wants to take the idea is a little unexpected. The company started the year by turning the SE into the iPhone 16e, a new low-end for the company’s smartphone lineup. The iPhone 16e is an odd mixture of iPhones old and new. It features the A18 chip, which means it can handle the little Apple Intelligence currently has to offer, it looks like an iPhone 14, but with a singular camera. And for some reason it doesn’t have MagSafe. For $549, the iPhone 16e doesn’t exactly feel like a deal, but is cheaper, and more importantly, interesting, as the first of Apple’s phones to feature its custom C1 modem.

A M4 Mac mini sitting under a display on a wooden table.
Devindra Hardawar for Engadget

Small computers are always crowd-pleasers and the even more compact M4 Mac mini Apple released at the end of 2024 is no different. The updated Mac mini looks much more like a tall Apple TV than the flat DVD player shape of Apple’s older models and it has front-facing ports, too. For as little as $599, the Mac mini gets you access to the latest M4 chip and up to 64GB of unified memory, a pretty powerful little machine. With the option to slot in an M4 Pro, it can even be your workhorse, too. The Mac mini represents the other side of Apple’s recent focus on specs. A new chip isn’t the most exciting thing in the world, but if it can lead to a radically smaller computer, it’s worth it.

An M4 iMac displaying photo editing software.
Steve Dent for Engadget

The iMac’s move to M4 was far less of an overhaul than the Mac mini. Apple changed some of the color options, added a 12MP webcam and introduced an optional nano-texture finish to the display, but it’s otherwise the same old 24-inch all-in-one computer. Funnily, the bigger news out of the iMac refresh might have been its accessories. After switching to USB-C ports on basically all of its devices, Apple finally got rid of the Lightning port on the Magic Mouse and Magic Keyboard. The mouse still charges upside down, but at least you can use the same cable for everything. That’s maybe representative of the new iMac as a whole: It has the same quirks, but it’s definitely better than before.

An M4 MAcBook Pro open and sitting on a wooden balcony.
Devindra Hardawar for Engadget

The M4 MacBook Pros were released not long after Apple introduced the iPhone 16 and the new laptops were mainly a vehicle for the introduction of the M4 family of chips as a whole. Apple didn’t really change the design of the MacBook Pro, just gave it more RAM, more Thunderbolt ports and a slightly brighter screen. The MacBook Pro comes in both 14-inch and 16-inch varieties, with either an M4, M4 Pro or M4 Max chip. The cheaper side of things, the M4 chip has a 10-core CPU and 8-core GPU, while the high-end M4 Max has a 16-core CPU and 40-core GPU. The M4 MacBook Pros started the cascading wave of spec bumps Apple’s introduced over the last few months, and also the company’s AI focus: The M4 chip has a larger NPU, or Neural Engine, for completing AI tasks, regardless of which version you get.

This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/computing/everything-apple-announced-since-its-last-event-224536253.html?src=rss