Google has made public the first release of Android Go, the optimized version of Android for low-end phones targeted toward developing markets. Rather than let OEMs stick to outdated Android versions when shipping budget phones, Android Go brings a full, up-to-date experience for devices that ship with 512MB or 1GB RAM.
We enhanced Android Oreo (Go edition) for speed and reliability on entry-level devices, which means the average app is now 15 percent faster on devices running Android Oreo (Go edition). There are many of these kinds of optimizations—and they really add up. If all entry level Android devices launched apps 15 percent faster, that would save the world a cumulative one million hours of time—every day!
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Source: [H]ardOCP – Google Launches Android Oreo Go Edition for Low-End Phones