The pros and cons of moonlighting—taking up an extra job in addition to full-time employment—are hotly debated. But in biology, moonlighting is not uncommon, as individual proteins often perform multiple functions. For many years, scientists knew that the Unusual Floral Organ (UFO) protein seems to do some moonlighting.

Based on the protein’s structure, its role in plants is thought to be targeting proteins for destruction. But it also works with the Leafy (LFY) protein to aid flower formation. A team of scientists from France has now shed light on how this protein performs two roles.

Flowers and a UFO

When it comes to flower formation, the Leafy (LFY) protein is a veritable workhorse. Flowers are built from parts named sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, which are arranged in whorls. The LFY protein, acting either alone or in combination with other proteins, is responsible for activating genes essential for creating each of these parts. LFY combines with UFO to help form petals and stamens.