Enlarge / Cleaning off the inscription on the rental agreement stele. (credit: DHA)
The ancient city of Teos lies on an isthmus reaching outward from Turkey’s west coast into the emerald waters of the Mediterranean. Over 2,000 years ago, it was one of many Ionian Greek cities that dotted the coastline and islands here. Today it’s an archaeological goldmine, but not just for its crumbling temples and amphitheater. Scientists have excavated hundreds of stele, or inscribed stone tablets, which give us a peek inside the bureaucracy that ran this city for centuries. We can learn a lot about this ancient culture from even the most mundane documents, like a 58-line lease agreement recently unearthed by Akdeniz University archaeologist Mustafa Adak.
Carved into a 1.5 meter-long marble stele, the document goes into great detail about the property and its amenities. We learn that it’s a tract of land that was given to the Neos, a group of men aged 20-30 associated with the city’s gymnasium. In ancient Greece, a gymnasium wasn’t just a place for exercise and public games—it was a combination of university and professional training school for well-off citizens. Neos were newbie citizens who often had internship-like jobs in city administration or politics. The land described in the lease was given to the Neos by a wealthy citizen of Teos, in a gift that was likely half-generosity, half-tax writeoff. Because the land contained a shrine, it was classified as a “holy” place that couldn’t be taxed. Along with the land, the donor gave the Neos all the property on it, including several slaves.
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Source: Ars Technica – 2,200 years ago in Turkey, this insane rental agreement was inscribed in stone