{"id":969331,"date":"2022-01-11T05:50:27","date_gmt":"2022-01-11T10:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=969331"},"modified":"2022-01-11T05:50:27","modified_gmt":"2022-01-11T10:50:27","slug":"how-can-ai-based-analysis-help-educators-support-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=969331","title":{"rendered":"How can AI-based analysis help educators support students?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We are hosting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/ai-machine-learning-data-science-education-seminars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a series of free research seminars<\/a> about how to teach artificial intelligence (AI) and data science to young people, in partnership with The Alan Turing Institute.<\/p>\n<p>In the fifth seminar of this series, we heard from Rose Luckin, Professor of Learner Centred Design at the University College London (UCL) Knowledge Lab. Rose is Founder of EDUCATE Ventures Research Ltd., a London consultancy service working with start-ups, researchers, and educators to develop evidence-based educational technology.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"192\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Rose-Luckin-edit-192x250-1.jpg\" alt=\"Rose Luckin.\" class=\"wp-image-72920\" \/><figcaption>Rose Luckin, UCL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Based on her experience at EDUCATE, Rose spoke about how AI-based analysis can help educators gain a deeper understanding of their students, and how educators can work with AI systems to provide better learning resources to their students. This provided us with a different angle to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/tag\/research-seminar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first four seminars in our current series<\/a>, where we\u2019ve been thinking about how young people<strong> <\/strong>learn to understand AI systems.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Rose1-800x252-1.png\" alt=\"Rose Luckin's definition of AI: technology capable of actions and behaviours &quot;requiring intelligence when done by humans&quot;.\" class=\"wp-image-77823\" \/><figcaption>Rose\u2019s definition of artificial intelligence for this presentation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Education and AI systems<\/h2>\n<p>AI systems have the potential to impact education in a number of different ways, which Rose distilled into three areas:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Using AI in education to tackle some of the big educational challenges<\/li>\n<li>Educating teachers about AI so that they can use it safely and effectively\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Changing education so that we focus on human intelligence and prepare people for an AI world<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>It is clear that the three areas are interconnected, meaning developments in one area will affect the others. Rose\u2019s focus during the seminar was the second area: educating people about AI.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"425\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image7-800x425-1.png\" alt=\"Rose Luckin's definition of the three intersections of education and artificial intelligence, see text in list above.\" class=\"wp-image-77824\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What can AI systems do in education?\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>Through giving examples of existing AI-based systems used for education, Rose described what in particular it is about AI systems that can be useful in an education setting. The first point she raised was that <strong>AI systems can adapt<\/strong> based on learning from data. Her main example was the AI-based platform <a href=\"http:\/\/www.enskills.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ENSKILLS<\/a>, which detects the user\u2019s level of competency with spoken English through the user\u2019s interactions with a virtual character, and gradually adapts the character to the user\u2019s level. Other examples of adaptive AI systems for education include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carnegielearning.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carnegie Learning<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.century.tech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Century Intelligent Learning<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>We know that AI systems can respond to different forms of data. Rose introduced the example of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/oyalabs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OyaLabs<\/a> to demonstrate how <strong>AI systems can gather and process real-time sensory data<\/strong>. This is an app that parents can use in a young child\u2019s room to monitor the child\u2019s interactions with others. The app analyses the data it gathers and produces advice for parents on how they can support their child\u2019s language development.<\/p>\n<p>AI system creators can also <strong>combine adaptivity and real-time sensory data processing <\/strong>\u00a0in their systems<strong>.<\/strong> One example Rosa gave of this was <a href=\"https:\/\/ict.usc.edu\/prototypes\/simsensei\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SimSensei<\/a> from the University of Southern California. This is a simulated coach, which a student can interact with and which gathers real-time data about how the student is speaking, including their tone, speed of speech, and facial expressions. The system adapts its coaching advice based on these interactions and on what it learns from interactions with other students.<\/p>\n<h2>Getting ready for AI systems in education<\/h2>\n<p>For the remainder of her presentation, Rose focused on the framework she is involved in developing, as part of the EDUCATE service, to support organisations to prepare for implementing AI systems, including educators within these organisations. The aim of this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.educateventures.com\/ethicai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ETHICAI framework<\/a> is to enable organisations and educators to understand:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What AI systems are capable of doing<\/li>\n<li>The strengths and weaknesses of AI systems<\/li>\n<li>How data is used by AI systems to learn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"396\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image2-800x396-1.jpg\" alt=\"The EDUCATE consultancy service's seven-part AI readiness framework, see test below for list.\" class=\"wp-image-77829\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Rose described the seven steps of the framework as:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Educate, enthuse, excite \u2013 about building an AI mindset within your community\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Tailor and Hone \u2013 the particular challenges you want to focus on<\/li>\n<li>Identify \u2013 identify (wisely), collate and \u2026<\/li>\n<li>Collect \u2013 new data relevant to your focus<\/li>\n<li>Apply \u2013 AI techniques to the relevant data you have brought together<\/li>\n<li>Learn \u2013 understand what the data is telling you about your focus and return to step 5 until you are AI ready<\/li>\n<li>Iterate<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>She then went on to demonstrate how the framework is applied using the example of online teaching. Online teaching has been a key part of education throughout the coronavirus pandemic; AI systems could be used to analyse datasets generated during online teaching sessions, in order to make decisions for and recommendations to educators.<\/p>\n<p>The first step of the ETHICAI framework is <strong>educate, enthuse, excite<\/strong>. In Rose\u2019s example, this step consisted of choosing online teaching as a scenario, because it is very pertinent to a teacher\u2019s practice. The second step is to <strong>tailor and hone in<\/strong> on particular challenges that are to be the focus, capitalising on what AI systems can do. In Rose\u2019s example, the challenge is assessing the quality of online lessons in a way that would be useful to educators. The third step of the framework is to<strong> identify<\/strong> what data is required to perform this quality assessment.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"398\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image3-800x398-1.jpg\" alt=\"Examples of data to be fed into an AI system for education, see text.\" class=\"wp-image-77828\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The fourth step is the <strong>collection<\/strong> of new data relevant to the focus of the project. The aim is to gain an increased understanding of what happens in online learning across thousands of schools. Walking through the online learning example, Rose suggested we might be able to collect the following types of data:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Log data<\/li>\n<li>Audio data<\/li>\n<li>Performance data<\/li>\n<li>Video data, which includes eye-movement data<\/li>\n<li>Historical data from tests and interviews<\/li>\n<li>Behavioural data from surveying teachers and parents about how they felt about online learning<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is important to consider the ethical implications of gathering all this data about students, something that was a recurrent theme in both Rose\u2019s presentation and the Q&amp;A at the end.<\/p>\n<p>Step five of the ETHICAI framework focuses on <strong>applying AI techniques<\/strong> to the relevant data to combine and process it. The figure below shows that in preparation, the various data sets need to be collated, cleaned, organised, and transformed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image1-800x419-1.png\" alt=\"Presentation slide showing that data for an AI system needs to be collated, cleaned, organised, and transformed.\" class=\"wp-image-77830\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>From the correctly prepared data, interaction profiles can be produced in order to put characteristics from different lessons into groups\/profiles. Rose described how cluster analysis using a combination of both AI and human intelligence could be used to sort lessons into groups based on common features.<\/p>\n<p>The<strong> <\/strong>sixth step in Rose\u2019s example focused on what may be <strong>learned<\/strong> from analysing collected data linked to the particular challenge of online teaching and learning. Rose said that applying an AI system to students\u2019 behavioural data could, for example, give indications about students\u2019 focus and confidence, and make or recommend interventions to educators accordingly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image4-800x418-1.png\" alt=\"Presentation slide showing example graphs of results produced by an AI system in education.\" class=\"wp-image-77827\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Where might we take applications of AI systems in education in the future?<\/h2>\n<p>Rose described that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fenews.co.uk\/fe-voices\/preparing-for-an-ai-world-changing-education-to-focus-on-human-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI systems can possess some types of intelligence<\/a> humans have or can develop: interdisciplinary academic intelligence, meta-knowing intelligence, and potentially social intelligence. However, there are types such as meta-contextual intelligence and perceived self-efficacy that AI systems are not able to demonstrate in the way humans can.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/image5-800x399-1.jpg\" alt=\"The seven types of human intelligence as defined by Rose Luckin: interdisciplinary academic knowledge, meta-knowing intelligence, social intelligence, metacognitive intelligence, meta-subjective intelligence, meta-contextual knowledge, perceived self-efficacy.\" class=\"wp-image-77826\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The use of AI systems in education can cause ethical issues. As an example, Rose pointed out the use of virtual glasses to identify when students need help, even if they do not realise it themselves. A system like this could help educators with assessing who in their class needs more help, and could link this back to student performance. However, using such a system like this has obvious ethical implications, and some of these were the focus of the Q&amp;A that followed Rose\u2019s presentation.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s clear that, in the education domain as in all other domains, both positive and negative outcomes of integrating AI are possible. In a recent paper written by Wayne Holmes (also from the UCL Knowledge Lab) and co-authors, \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs40593-021-00239-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community Wide Framework<\/a>\u2019 [1], the authors suggest that the interpretation of data, consent and privacy, data management, surveillance, and power relations are all ethical issues that should be taken into consideration. Finding consensus for a practical ethical framework or set of principles, <strong>with all stakeholders<\/strong>, at the very start of an AI-related project is the only way to ensure ethics are built into the project and the AI system itself from the ground up.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/jeswin-thomas-ZNJmyvFIbcI-unsplash-800x533-1.jpg\" alt=\"Two boys at laptops in a classroom.\" class=\"wp-image-77855\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ethical issues of AI systems more broadly, and how to involve young people in discussions of AI ethics, were the focus of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/ai-ethics-lessons-education-children-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">seminar with Dr Mhairi Aitken back in September<\/a>. You can revisit the seminar recording, presentation slides, and summary blog post.<\/p>\n<p>I really enjoyed both the focus and content of Rose\u2019s talk: educators understanding how AI systems may be applied to education in order to help them make more informed decisions about how to best support their students. This is an important factor to consider in the context of the bigger picture of what young people should be learning about AI. The work that Rose and her colleagues are doing also makes an important contribution to translating research into practical models that teachers can use.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h2>Join our next free seminars<\/h2>\n<p>You may still have time to sign up for our <strong>Tuesday 11 January seminar, today at 17:00\u201318:30 GMT<\/strong>, where we will welcome Dave Touretzky and Fred Martin, founders of the influential AI4K12 framework, which identifies <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/ai4k12-five-big-ideas\">the five big ideas of AI<\/a> and how they can be integrated into education.<\/p>\n<p>Next month, on <strong>1 February at 17:00\u201318:30 GMT<\/strong>, Tara Chklovski (CEO of Technovation) will give a presentation called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/computing-education-research-online-seminars\/#youth-AI-SDGs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teaching youth to use AI to tackle the Sustainable Development Goals<\/a> at our seminar series.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to join any of our seminars, click the button below to sign up and we will send you information on how to join. We look forward to seeing you there!<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/form.raspberrypi.org\/f\/research-seminar-sign-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">I want to join the seminars<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>You\u2019ll always find our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/computing-education-research-online-seminars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">schedule of upcoming seminars on this page<\/a>. For previous seminars, you can visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/tag\/research-seminar\/\">past seminars and recordings<\/a> page.<\/p>\n<p>The post <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/ai-sytems-in-education-learner-support-research-seminar\/\">How can AI-based analysis help educators support students?<\/a> appeared first on <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\">Raspberry Pi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#013;<br \/>\n&#013;<br \/>\nSource: Raspberry Pi &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/ai-sytems-in-education-learner-support-research-seminar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How can AI-based analysis help educators support students?<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We are hosting a series of free research seminars about how to teach artificial intelligence (AI) and data science to young people, in partnership with The Alan Turing Institute. In the fifth seminar of this series, we heard from Rose &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=969331\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":969332,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,110],"tags":[5],"class_list":["post-969331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rpi","category-unfiltered-rss","tag-rpi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/969331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=969331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/969331\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/969332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=969331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=969331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=969331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}