{"id":1134675,"date":"2023-05-02T05:43:18","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T09:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=1134675"},"modified":"2023-05-02T05:43:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T09:43:18","slug":"integrating-primary-computing-and-literacy-through-multimodal-storytelling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=1134675","title":{"rendered":"Integrating primary computing and literacy through multimodal storytelling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Broadening participation and finding new entry points for young people to engage with computing is part of how we pursue our mission here at the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It was also the focus of our March online seminar, led by our own Dr Bobby Whyte. In this third seminar of our series on<a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/primary-computing-education-research-seminar-series-2023\/\"> computing education for primary-aged children<\/a>, Bobby presented his work on \u2018designing multimodal composition activities for integrated K-5 programming and storytelling\u2019. In this research he explored the integration of computing and literacy education, and the implications and limitations for classroom practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/NCCE-Enfeild-Primary-30-500x333-1.jpg\" alt=\"Young learners at computers in a classroom.\" class=\"wp-image-79447\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Motivated by challenges Bobby experienced first-hand as a primary school teacher, his two studies on the topic contribute to the body of research aiming to <a href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/~\/media\/events\/2018\/11\/computing-education-1-year-on\/after-the-reboot-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">make computing less narrow and difficult<\/a>. In this work, Bobby integrated programming and storytelling as a way of making the computing curriculum more applicable, relevant, and contextualised.<\/p>\n<p>Critically for computing educators and researchers in the area, Bobby explored how theories related to \u2018programming as writing\u2019 translate into practice, and what the implications of designing and delivering integrated lessons in classrooms are. While the two studies described here took place in the context of UK schooling, we can learn universal lessons from this work.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is multimodal composition?<\/h2>\n<p>In the seminar Bobby made a distinction between applying computing to literacy (or vice versa) and true integration of programming and storytelling. To achieve true integration in the two studies he conducted, Bobby used the idea of \u2018multimodal composition\u2019 (MMC). <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.gsu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1098&amp;context=mse_facpub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A multimodal composition is defined as<\/a> \u201ca composition that employs a variety of modes, including sound, writing, image, and gesture\/movement [\u2026 with] a communicative function\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Storytelling comes together with programming in a multimodal composition as learners create a program to tell a story where they:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decide on content and representation (the characters, the setting, the backdrop)<\/li>\n<li>Structure text they\u2019ve written<\/li>\n<li>Use technical aspects (i.e. motion blocks, tension) to achieve effects for narrative purposes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image3-800x452-1.png\" alt=\"A screenshot showing a Scratch project.\" class=\"wp-image-83816\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Defining multimodal composition (MMC) for a visual programming context<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multimodality for programming and storytelling in the classroom<\/h2>\n<p>To investigate the use of MMC in the classroom, Bobby started by designing a curriculum unit of lessons. He mapped the unit\u2019s MMC activities to specific storytelling and programming learning objectives. The MMC activities were designed using design-based research, an approach in which something is designed and tested iteratively in real-world contexts. In practice that means Bobby collaborated with teachers and students to analyse, evaluate, and adapt the unit\u2019s activities.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image1-800x449-1.png\" alt=\"A list of learning objectives that could be covered by a multimodal composition activity.\" class=\"wp-image-83815\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mapping of the MMC activities to storytelling and programming learning objectives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The first of two studies to explore the design and implementation of MMC activities was conducted with 10 K-5 students (age 9 to 11) and showed promising results. All students approached the composition task multimodally, using multiple representations for specific purposes. In other words, they conveyed different parts of their stories using either text, sound, or images.<\/p>\n<p>Bobby found that broadcast messages and loops were the least used blocks among the group. As a consequence, he modified the curriculum unit to include additional scaffolding and instructional support on how and why the students might embed these elements.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-blog-entry\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image2-800x450-1.png\" alt=\"A list of modifications to the MMC curriculum unit based on testing in a classroom.\" class=\"wp-image-83817\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bobby modified the classroom unit based on findings from his first study<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the second study, the MMC activities were evaluated in a classroom of 28 K-5 students led by one teacher over two weeks. Findings indicated that students appreciated the longer multi-session project. The teacher reported being satisfied with the project work the learners completed and the skills they practised. The teacher also further integrated and adapted the unit into their classroom practice after the research project had been completed.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How might you use these research findings?<\/h2>\n<p>Factors that impacted the integration of storytelling and programming included the teacher\u2019s confidence to teach programming as well as the teacher\u2019s ability to differentiate between students and what kind of support they needed depending on their previous programming experience.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, there are considerations regarding the curriculum. The school where the second study took place considered the activities in the unit to be literacy-light, as the English literacy curriculum is \u2018text-heavy\u2019 and the addition of multimodal elements \u2018wastes\u2019 opportunities to produce stories that are more text-based.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/CC_TESCO_013-500x334-1.jpg\" alt=\"Woman teacher and female student at a laptop.\" class=\"wp-image-54254\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bobby\u2019s research indicates that MMC provides useful opportunities for learners to simultaneously pursue storytelling and programming goals, and the curriculum unit designed in the research proved adaptable for the teacher to integrate into their classroom practice. However, Bobby cautioned that there\u2019s a need to carefully consider both the benefits and trade-offs when designing cross-curricular integration projects in order to ensure a fair representation of both subjects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Can you see an opportunity for integrating programming and storytelling in your classroom? <\/strong>Let us know your thoughts or questions in the comments below.<\/p>\n<p>You can watch Bobby\u2019s full presentation:<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\" \/>\n<p>And you can read his research paper <a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3291279.3339425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Designing for Integrated K-5 Computing and Literacy through Story-making Activities<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/repository.isls.org\/handle\/1\/6331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">open access version<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>You may also be interested in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/gender-balance-in-computing-storytelling-approach-engaging-girls\/\">pilot study on using storytelling to teach computing<\/a> in primary school, which we conducted as part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/research\/gender-balance-in-computing\/\">our Gender Balance in Computing programme<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Join our next seminar on primary computing education<\/h2>\n<p>At our next seminar, we welcome Kate Farrell and Professor Judy Robertson (University of Edinburgh). This session will introduce you to <strong>how data literacy can be taught in primary and early-years education<\/strong> across different curricular areas. It will take place online on <strong>Tuesday 9 May at 17.00 UK time<\/strong>, don\u2019t miss out and sign up now.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/form.raspberrypi.org\/f\/research-seminar-sign-up\">I want to sign up to join the seminar<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yo find out more about connecting research to practice for primary computing education, you can find other our upcoming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/computing-education-research-online-seminars\/\">monthly seminars on primary (K\u20135) teaching and learning<\/a> and watch the recordings of previous seminars in this series.<\/p>\n<p>The post <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/primary-computing-programming-literacy-storytelling\/\">Integrating primary computing and literacy through multimodal storytelling<\/a> appeared first on <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\">Raspberry Pi Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#013;<br \/>\n&#013;<br \/>\nSource: Raspberry Pi &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/blog\/primary-computing-programming-literacy-storytelling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Integrating primary computing and literacy through multimodal storytelling<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Broadening participation and finding new entry points for young people to engage with computing is part of how we pursue our mission here at the Raspberry Pi Foundation. It was also the focus of our March online seminar, led by &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/?p=1134675\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1134676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,110],"tags":[5],"class_list":["post-1134675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rpi","category-unfiltered-rss","tag-rpi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1134675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1134675"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1134675\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1134676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1134675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1134675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.prime-wow.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1134675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}